Abdukic, M. (2015). Effects of programmed physical activity on body fat and BMI in female highschool students. Homo Sporticus, 17(2), 192.

Google Scholar 

Alberga, A. S., Prud’homme, D., Sigal, R. J., Goldfield, G. S., Hadjiyannakis, S., Phillips, P., Malcolm, J., Ma, J., Doucette, S., Gougeon, R., Wells, G. A., & Kenny, G. P. (2016). Effects of aerobic training, resistance training, or both on cardiorespiratory and musculoskeletal fitness in adolescents with obesity: The HEARTY trial. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 41(3), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.1139/apnm-2015-0413

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Alcaraz, P. E., Perez-Gomez, J., Chavarrias, M., & Blazevich, A. J. (2011). Similarity in adaptations to high-resistance circuit vs. traditional strength training in resistance-trained men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(9), 2519–2527. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e3182023a51

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aljuhani & Sandercock. (2019). Contribution of physical education to the daily physical activity of schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(13), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132397

Article  Google Scholar 

Alonso-Fernández, D., Fernández-Rodríguez, R., Taboada-Iglesias, Y., & Gutiérrez-Sánchez, Á. (2019). Impact of a HIIT protocol on body composition and VO2max in adolescents. Science & Sports, 34(5), 341–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scispo.2019.04.001

Article  Google Scholar 

Aphamis, G., Giannaki, C. D., Tsouloupas, C. N., Ioannou, Y., & Hadjicharalambous, M. (2015). The relationship between physical fitness and obesity among a sample of adolescents in Cyprus. International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, 27(4), 369–375. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijamh-2014-0054

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arazi, H., & Asadi, A. (2012). Multiple sets resistance training: Effects of Condensed versus circuit models on muscular strength, endurance and body composition. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 7(4), 733–740. https://doi.org/10.4100/jhse.2012.74.01

Article  Google Scholar 

Ardoy, D. N., Fernández-Rodríguez, J. M., Ruiz, J. R., Chillón, P., España-Romero, V., Castillo, M. J., & Ortega, F. B. (2011). Improving physical fitness in adolescents through a school-based intervention: The EDUFIT study. Revista Española De Cardiología (english Edition), 64(6), 484–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rec.2011.02.010

Article  Google Scholar 

Armstrong, N., Tomkinson, G., & Ekelund, U. (2011). Aerobic fitness and its relationship to sport, exercise training and habitual physical activity during youth. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 849–858. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090200

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bailey, R. (2005). Evaluating the relationship between physical education, sport and social inclusion. Educational Review, 57(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1080/0013191042000274196

Article  Google Scholar 

Baquet, G., Berthoin, S., Gerbeaux, M., & Van Praagh, E. (2001). High-intensity aerobic training during a 10 week one-hour physical education cycle: Effects on physical fitness of adolescents aged 11 to 16. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 22(4), 295–300. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-2001-14343

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barber, S., & Sutherland, N. (2017). Funding from the soft drinks industry levy for sports in schools. House of Commons Library.

Baxter-Jones, A. D. G. (2013). Growth, maturation, and training. In D. J. Caine, K. Russell, & L. Lim (Eds.), Gymnastics (pp. 15–27). Wiley.

Chapter  Google Scholar 

Beets, M. W., Beighle, A., Erwin, H. E., & Huberty, J. L. (2009). After-school program impact on physical activity and fitness. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(6), 527–537. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.033

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bélanger, M., Sabiston, C. M., Barnett, T. A., O’Loughlin, E., Ward, S., Contreras, G., & O’Loughlin, J. (2015). Number of years of participation in some, but not all, types of physical activity during adolescence predicts level of physical activity in adulthood: Results from a 13-year study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 76. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0237-x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Biddle, S. J. H., & Asare, M. (2011). Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: A review of reviews. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(11), 886–895. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090185

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bielec, G. (2008). Influence of swimming classes to body height, body mass and BMI in secondary school youth. Medcyna Sportowa, 5(6), 285–292.

Google Scholar 

Bielec, G., Peczak-Graczyk, A., & Waade, B. (2013). Do swimming exercises induce anthropometric changes in adolescents? Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, 36(1–2), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.3109/01460862.2013.777818

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bleich, S. N., Vercammen, K. A., Zatz, L. Y., Frelier, J. M., Ebbeling, C. B., & Peeters, A. (2018). Interventions to prevent global childhood overweight and obesity: A systematic review. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 6(4), 332–346. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(17)30358-3

Article  Google Scholar 

Bonhauser, M., Fernandez, G., Püschel, K., Yañez, F., Montero, J., Thompson, B., & Coronado, G. (2005). Improving physical fitness and emotional well-being in adolescents of low socioeconomic status in Chile: Results of a school-based controlled trial. Health Promotion International, 20(2), 113–122. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dah603

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Booth, A., Clarke, M., Dooley, G., Ghersi, D., Moher, D., Petticrew, M., & Stewart, L. (2012). The nuts and bolts of PROSPERO: An international prospective register of systematic reviews. Systematic Reviews, 1(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/2046-4053-1-2

Article  Google Scholar 

Bowles, R., Chróinín, D. N., & Murtagh, E. (2019). Attaining the Active School Flag: How physical activity provision can be enhanced in Irish primary schools. European Physical Education Review, 25(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X17706091

Article  Google Scholar 

Brazo-Sayavera, J., Fernandez-Gimenez, S., Pintos-Toledo, E., Corvos, C., Souza-Marabotto, F., & Bizzozero-Peroni, B. (2023). Results from the Uruguay’s 2022 report card on physical activity for children and adolescents. Journal of Exercise Science & Fitness, 21(1), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesf.2022.11.005

Article  Google Scholar 

Burnett, C. (2021). A national study on the state and status of physical education in South African public schools. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 26(2), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2020.1792869

Article  Google Scholar 

Carrel, A. L., Logue, J., Deininger, H., Clark, R. R., Curtis, V., Montague, P., & Baldwin, S. (2011). An after-school exercise program improves fitness, and body composition in elementary school children. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Management, 2(3), 32–36.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (1985). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126–131.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Catley, M. J., & Tomkinson, G. R. (2013). Normative health-related fitness values for children: Analysis of 85347 test results on 9–17-year-old Australians since 1985. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 47(2), 98–108. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2011-090218

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaplais, E., Naughton, G., Greene, D., Dutheil, F., Pereira, B., Thivel, D., & Courteix, D. (2018). Effects of interventions with a physical activity component on bone health in obese children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Bone and Mineral Metabolism, 36(1), 12–30. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00774-017-0858-z

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen, X., & Wang, Y. (2008). Tracking of blood pressure from childhood to adulthood: A systematic review and meta–regression analysis. Circulation, 117(25), 3171–3180. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.730366

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chiyanika, C., Chan, D. F. Y., Hui, S. C. N., So, H., Deng, M., Yeung, D. K. W., Nelson, E. A. S., & Chu, W. C. W. (2020). The relationship between pancreas steatosis and the risk of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance in Chinese adolescents with concurrent obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Pediatric Obesity. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12653

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Colantonio, E., da Costa, R. F., Colombo, E., Böhme, M. T. S., & Kiss, M. A. P. D. M. (1999). Avaliação do crescimento e desempenho físico de crianças e adolescentes. Revista Brasileira De Atividade Física & Saúde, 4(2), 17–29.

Google Scholar 

Comte, M., Hobin, E., Manske, S., Casey, C., Griffith, J., Leggett, C., Veugelers, P., Murnaghan, D., & McGavock, J. (2015). Is the provision of physical education to senior-years students associated with greater physical activity levels? Insight into a province-wide policy. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 12(5), 5. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2013-0197

Article  Google Scholar 

Cooper, H., H. L. V., &V. J. C. (2019). The handbook of research synthesis and meta-analysis (3rd edn., Vol. 389). Russell Sage Foundation

Costigan, S. A., Eather, N., Plotnikoff, R. C., Taaffe, D. R., & Lubans, D. R. (2015b). High-intensity interval training for improving health-related fitness in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(19), 1253–1261.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Costigan, S. A., Eather, N., Plotnikoff, R. C., Taaffe, D. R., Pollock, E., Kennedy, S. G., & Lubans, D. R. (2015a). Preliminary efficacy and feasibility of embedding high intensity interval training into the school day: A pilot randomized controlled trial. Preventive Medicine Reports, 2, 973–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.11.001

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Czarniecka, R., Milde, K., & Tomaszewski, P. (2012). Changes in strength abilities of adolescent girls: The effect of a 3-year physical education curriculum. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 4(2012), 103–106. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10101-012-0019-8

Article  Google Scholar 

Deakin University, & Hesketh, K. (2022). 2022 Active Healthy Kids Australia report card on physical activity for children and young people. Deakin University. https://doi.org/10.21153/ahka2022

Department of Health. (2020). Implementation Review of the National Physical Activity Plan. Government of Ireland.

Department of Health. (2021). Putting Sports and Physical Activity Back into Education. Australian Government.

Department of Health Ireland. (2016). Get Ireland Active – The National Physical Activity Plan; Dublin, Ireland.

Din-Dzietham, R., Liu, Y., Bielo, M.-V., & Shamsa, F. (2007). High blood pressure trends in children and adolescents in national surveys, 1963 to 2002. Circulation, 116(13), 1488–1496. https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.683243

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ding, D., Lawson, K. D., Kolbe-Alexander, T. L., Finkelstein, E. A., Katzmarzyk, P. T., van Mechelen, W., & Pratt, M. (2016). The economic burden of physical inactivity: A global analysis of major non-communicable diseases. The Lancet, 388(10051), 1311–1324. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30383-X

Article  Google Scholar 

Dohle, S., & Wansink, B. (2013). Fit in 50 years: Participation in high school sports best predicts one’s physical activity after Age 70. BMC Public Health, 13(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-1100

Article