Noone DG, Iijima K, Parekh R (2018) Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children. Lancet 392:61–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30536-1

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Horinouchi T, Nozu K, Iijima K (2022) An updated view of the pathogenesis of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 37:1957–1965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-021-05401-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Takahashi S, Wada N, Murakami H, Funaki S, Inagaki T, Harada K, Nagata M (2007) Triggers of relapse in steroid-dependent and frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 22:232–236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-006-0316-y

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Uwaezuoke SN (2015) Steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome in children: triggers of relapse and evolving hypotheses on pathogenesis. Ital J Pediatr 41:19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-015-0123-9

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rautemaa R, Lauhio A, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ (2007) Oral infections and systemic disease—an emerging problem in medicine. Clin Microbiol Infect 13:1041–1047. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-0691.2007.01802.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Peng X, Cheng L, You Y, Tang C, Ren B, Li Y, Xu X, Zhou X (2022) Oral microbiota in human systematic diseases. Int J Oral Sci 14:14. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41368-022-00163-7

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cao YL, Qiao M, Xu ZH, Zou GM, Ma LL, Li WG, Xu BH (2016) The clinical study of IgA nephropathy with severe chronic periodontitis and aggressive periodontitis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 96:9–13. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2016.01.003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nagasawa Y, Misaki T, Ito S, Naka S, Wato K, Nomura R, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K (2022) Title IgA nephropathy and oral bacterial species related to dental caries and periodontitis. Int J Mol Sci 23:725. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms23020725

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

He I, Poirier B, Jensen E, Kaur S, Hedges J, Jesudason S, Jamieson L, Sethi S (2023) Demystifying the connection between periodontal disease and chronic kidney disease – an umbrella review. J Periodontal Res 58:874–892. https://doi.org/10.1111/jre.13161

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pitts NB, Zero DT, Marsh PD, Ekstrand K, Weintraub JA, Ramos-Gomez F, Tagami J, Twetman S, Tsakos G, Ismail A (2017) Dental caries. Nat Rev Dis Primers 3:17030. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrdp.2017.30

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sabharwal A, Stellrecht E, Scannapieco FA (2021) Associations between dental caries and systemic diseases: a scoping review. BMC Oral Health 21:472. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-021-01803-w

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Äyräväinen L, Heikkinen AM, Kuuliala A, Ahola K, Koivuniemi R, Peltola J, Suomalainen A, Moilanen E, Hämäläinen M, Laasonen L, Meurman JH, Leirisalo-Repo M (2018) Activity of rheumatoid arthritis correlates with oral inflammatory burden. Rheumatol Int 38:1661–1669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-018-4108-z

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gofur NRP, Handono K, Nurdiana N, Kalim H, Barlianto W (2020) Oral hygiene and dental caries status on systemic lupus erythematosus patients: a cross-sectional study. Pesqui Bras Odontopediatria Clín Integr 20:e0013. https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2020.116

Article  Google Scholar 

Gómez-García AP, López-Vidal Y, Pinto-Cardoso S, Aguirre-García MM (2022) Overexpression of proinflammatory cytokines in dental pulp tissue and distinct bacterial microbiota in carious teeth of Mexican individuals. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 12:958722. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.958722

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Georgiou AC, Crielaard W, Armenis I, de Vries R, van der Waal SV (2019) Apical periodontitis is associated with elevated concentrations of inflammatory mediators in peripheral blood: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Endod 45:1279–1295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joen.2019.07.017

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerular Diseases Work Group (2021) KDIGO 2021 clinical practice guideline for the management of glomerular diseases. Kidney Int 100:S1–S276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kint.2021.05.021

Article  Google Scholar 

Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) Glomerulonephritis Work Group (2012) KDIGO clinical practice guideline for glomerulonephritis. Kidney Int Suppl 2:139–274

Google Scholar 

Flynn JT, Kaelber DC, Baker-Smith CM, Blowey D, Carroll AE, Daniels SR, de Ferranti SD, Dionne JM, Falkner B, Flinn SK, Gidding SS, Goodwin C, Leu MG, Powers ME, Rea C, Samuels J, Simasek M, Thaker VV, Urbina EM (2017) Clinical practice guideline for screening and management of high blood pressure in children and adolescents. Pediatrics 140:e20171904. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2017-1904

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Luong HM, Nguyen TT, Tran H, Tran PT, Nguyen P, Nguyen HT, Nguyen DM, Duc HTT, Tong SM (2021) Oro-dental health and primary nephrotic syndrome among Vietnamese children. Children 8:494. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8060494

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kaczmarek U, Wrzyszcz-Kowalczyk A, Jankowska K, Prościak K, Mysiak-Dębska M, Przywitowska I, Makulska I (2020) Oral health conditions in children with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome: a cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health 20:213. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-020-01197-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Guan M, Nada OA, Wu J, Sun J, Li N, Chen L, Dai T (2021) Dental caries and associated factors in 3–5-year-old children in Guizhou province, China: an epidemiological survey (2015–2016). Front Public Health 9:747371. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.747371

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Iida H, Rozier RG (2013) Mother-perceived social capital and children’s oral health and use of dental care in the United States. Am J Public Health 103:480–487. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2012.300845

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhang H, Wang Z, Dong L, Guo Y, Wu J, Zhai S (2016) New insight into the pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome: role of the persistence of respiratory tract virus in immune disorders. Autoimmun Rev 15:632–637. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2016.02.007

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Galler KM, Weber M, Korkmaz Y, Widbiller M, Feuerer M (2021) Inflammatory response mechanisms of the dentine–pulp complex and the periapical tissues. Int J Mol Sci 22:1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms22031480

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Heidari A, Seraj B, Shahrabi M, Maghsoodi H, Kharazifard MJ, Zarabian T (2016) Relationship between different types and forms of anti-asthmatic medications and dental caries in three to 12 year olds. J Dent (Tehran) 13:238–243

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Santos NC, Jamelli S, Costa L, Baracho Filho C, Medeiros D, Rizzo JA, Sarinho E (2012) Assessing caries, dental plaque and salivary flow in asthmatic adolescents using inhaled corticosteroids. Allergol Immunopathol (Madr) 40:220–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aller.2011.04.005

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sezer B, Kaya R, Kodaman Dokumacıgil N, Sıddıkoğlu D, Güven S, Yıldız N, Alpay H, Kargül B (2023) Assessment of the oral health status of children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 38:269–277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-022-05590-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Velan E, Sheller B (2021) Oral health in children with chronic kidney disease. Pediatr Nephrol 36:3067–3075. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-020-04913-9

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Scannapieco FA (2013) The oral microbiome: its role in health and in oral and systemic infections. Clin Microbiol Newsl 35:163–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinmicnews.2013.09.003

Article  Google Scholar 

Alfakeekh K, Azar M, Sowailmi BA, Alsulaiman S, Makdob SA, Omair A, Albanyan E, Bawazeer MS (2019) Immunosuppressive burden and risk factors of infection in primary childhood nephrotic syndrome. J Infect Public Health 12:90–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2018.09.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Niazi SA, Bakhsh A (2022) Association between endodontic infection, its treatment and systemic health: a narrative review. Medicina (Kaunas) 58:931. https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58070931

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang J, Huang X, Lu B, Zhang C, Cai Z (2016) Can apical periodontitis affect serum levels of CRP, IL-2, and IL-6 as well as induce pathological changes in remote organs? Clin Oral Investig 20:1617–1624. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-015-1646-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inoue CN, Matsutani S, Ishidoya M, Homma R, Chiba Y, Nagasaka T (2011) Periodontal and ENT therapy in the treatment of pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura and IgA nephropathy. Adv Otorhinolaryngol 72:53–56. https://doi.org/10.1159/000324605

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Inoue CN, Nagasaka T, Matsutani S, Ishidoya M, Homma R, Chiba Y (2008) Efficacy of early dental and ENT therapy in preventing nephropathy in pediatric Henoch-Schönlein purpura. Clin Rheumatol 27:1489–1496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10067-008-0954-5

Article  PubMed