External segment of the globus pallidus

Striatum

Subthalamic nucleus

Parkinson's disease

Movement disorders

Deep brain stimulation

Direct pathway

Indirect pathway

Arkypallidal neuron

Prototypic neuron

deep brain stimulation

direct pathway medium spiny neuron

forkhead box protein P2

fast spiking striatal interneuron

external segment of the globus pallidus

internal segment of the globus pallidus

high-frequency discharges with pauses

indirect pathway medium spiny neuron

low-frequency discharges with bursts

neuronal PAS domain protein 1

substantia nigra pars reticulata

Data will be made available on request.

© 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.