From the Center for Translational Injury Research (G.E.H., J.B.B., B.T., K.M.M., C.C.M., L.S.K., B.A.C.), Department of Surgery (G.E.H., J.B.B., B.T., K.M.M., C.C.M., L.S.K., B.A.C.), and Center for Surgical Trials and Evidence-based Practice (G.E.H., K.M.M., L.S.K.), McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas.

Submitted: December 1, 2022, Revised: May 10, 2023, Accepted: July 2, 2023, Published online: July 24, 2023.

This study was presented at the 36th Annual Scientific Assembly of the Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma, January 18, 2023 in Orlando, FL.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (www.jtrauma.com).

Address for correspondence: Gabrielle E. Hatton, MD, MS, Suite 471, 6410 Fannin Street, Houston, TX 77030; email: [email protected].