aHypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, Athens, Greece

bMacquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

cDepartment of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy

dSchool of Population Health, University of New South Wales, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

ePhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany

fDepartment of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca

gIstituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Cardiology Unit and Department of Cardiovascular, Neural and Metabolic Sciences, S. Luca Hospital, Milan, Italy

hFoundation-Medical Research Institutes, Geneva, Switzerland

iDepartment of Hygiene, Epidemiology & Medical Statistics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Athens, Greece

jDepartment of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan

kIRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Onlus, Milan, Italy; Department of Biotechnology and Life Sciences (DBSV), University of Insubria, Varese, Italy

lDepartment of Internal Medicine, Hospital Mutua Terrassa, University of Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

mDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA

nDivision of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan

oNuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK

pSunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

qDepartment of Bioengineering and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

rThe George Institute for Global Health, Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia

sThe Shanghai Institute of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai

tHong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China

uCharité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany

vThe Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

wDepartment of Bioengineering and Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA

Correspondence to Professor George S. Stergiou, MD, PhD, FRCP, Hypertension Center STRIDE-7, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, School of Medicine, Third Department of Medicine, Sotiria Hospital, 152 Mesogion Avenue, Athens 11527, Greece. Tel: +30 2107763117; fax: +30 2107719981; e-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: AAMI, Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation; ABPM, Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring; BP, Blood pressure; ESH, European Society of Hypertension; IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; ISO, International Organization for Standardization; PPG, Photoplethysmography

Received 21 May, 2023

Accepted 22 May, 2023

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