aState Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University

bInternational Collaborative Laboratory of Reproduction and Development of the Chinese Ministry of Education, Chongqing Medical University

cReproductive Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

dFetal Medicine Centre, Birmingham Women's & Children's Foundation Trust

eInstitute of Metabolism & Systems Research, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham

fCollege of Life Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK

gDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi

hDepartment of Obstetrics, Women and Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University

iSchool of Basic Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

Correspondence to Chao Tong, State Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine of Chongqing Municipality, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China. Tel: +86 23 89011800; e-mail: [email protected]

Abbreviations: 4-PBA, 4-phenylbutyric acid; CTB, cytotrophoblast; ERS, endoplasmic reticulum stress; FSK, forskolin; H/R, hypoxia/reoxygenation; HtrA4, High temperature requirement factor A4; STB, syncytiotrophoblast

Received 8 November, 2022

Revised 27 June, 2023

Accepted 1 August, 2023

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