Sung, H. et al. Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J. Clin. 71, 209–249 (2021).
Antoni, S. et al. Bladder cancer incidence and mortality: a global overview and recent trends. Eur. Urol. 71, 96–108 (2017).
IARC. Global Cancer Observatory: Cancer Tomorrow. WHO https://gco.iarc.fr/tomorrow/en (2023).
Tran, L., Xiao, J.-F., Agarwal, N., Duex, J. E. & Theodorescu, D. Advances in bladder cancer biology and therapy. Nat. Rev. Cancer 21, 104–121 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Facchini, G. et al. Advanced/metastatic bladder cancer: current status and future directions. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci. 24, 11536–11552 (2020).
Dancik, G. M., Owens, C. R., Iczkowski, K. A. & Theodorescu, D. A cell of origin gene signature indicates human bladder cancer has distinct cellular progenitors. Stem Cell 32, 974–982 (2014).
Partin, A. W., Peters, C. A., Kavoussi, L. R., Dmochowski, R. R. & Wein, A. J. Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology Twelfth Edition Review (Elsevier Health Sciences, 2020).
Freedman, N. D., Silverman, D. T., Hollenbeck, A. R., Schatzkin, A. & Abnet, C. C. Association between smoking and risk of bladder cancer among men and women. JAMA 306, 737–745 (2011).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wilhelm-Benartzi, C. S. et al. Association of secondhand smoke exposures with DNA methylation in bladder carcinomas. Cancer Causes Control 22, 1205–1213 (2011).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bellamri, M. et al. DNA damage and oxidative stress of tobacco smoke condensate in human bladder epithelial cells. Chem. Res. Toxicol. 35, 1863–1880 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Matuszczak, M. & Salagierski, M. Diagnostic and prognostic potential of biomarkers CYFRA 21.1, ERCC1, p53, FGFR3 and TATI in bladder cancers. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 21, 3360 (2020).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mertens, L. S. et al. Prognostic markers in invasive bladder cancer: FGFR3 mutation status versus P53 and KI-67 expression: a multi-center, multi-laboratory analysis in 1058 radical cystectomy patients. Urol. Oncol. 40, 110.e1–110.e9 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Theodorescu, D., Li, Z. & Li, X. Sex differences in bladder cancer: emerging data and call to action. Nat. Rev. Urol. 19, 447–449 (2022).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bladder Cancer Statistics. WCRF International https://www.wcrf.org/cancer-trends/bladder-cancer-statistics/ (2022).
Dobruch, J. et al. Gender and bladder cancer: a collaborative review of etiology, biology, and outcomes. Eur. Urol. 69, 300–310 (2016).
Hyldgaard, J. M. & Jensen, J. B. The inequality of females in bladder cancer. APMIS 129, 694–699 (2021).
Radkiewicz, C. et al. Sex differences in urothelial bladder cancer survival. Clin. Genitourin. Cancer 18, 26–34.e6 (2020).
You, S. et al. Characterizing molecular subtypes of high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in African American patients. Urol. Oncol. 40, 410.e19–410.e27 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Saginala, K. et al. Epidemiology of bladder cancer. Med. Sci. 8, 15 (2020).
Richters, A., Aben, K. K. H. & Kiemeney, L. A. L. M. The global burden of urinary bladder cancer: an update. World J. Urol. 38, 1895–1904 (2020).
Safiri, S., Kolahi, A.-A. & Naghavi, M., Global Burden of Disease Bladder Cancer Collaborators. Global, regional and national burden of bladder cancer and its attributable risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2019. BMJ Glob. Health 6, e004128 (2021).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dai, X., Gakidou, E. & Lopez, A. D. Evolution of the global smoking epidemic over the past half century: strengthening the evidence base for policy action. Tob. Control 31, 129–137 (2022).
Flor, L. S., Reitsma, M. B., Gupta, V., Ng, M. & Gakidou, E. The effects of tobacco control policies on global smoking prevalence. Nat. Med. 27, 239–243 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ishida, K. & Hsieh, M. H. Understanding urogenital schistosomiasis-related bladder cancer: an update. Front. Med. 5, 223 (2018).
Zaghloul, M. S., Zaghloul, T. M., Bishr, M. K. & Baumann, B. C. Urinary schistosomiasis and the associated bladder cancer: update. J. Egypt. Natl Canc. Inst. 32, 44 (2020).
Salem, S., Mitchell, R. E., El-Alim El-Dorey, A., Smith, J. A. & Barocas, D. A. Successful control of schistosomiasis and the changing epidemiology of bladder cancer in Egypt. BJU Int. 107, 206–211 (2011).
Martin, A., Woolbright, B. L., Umar, S., Ingersoll, M. A. & Taylor, J. A. 3rd Bladder cancer, inflammageing and microbiomes. Nat. Rev. Urol. 19, 495–509 (2022).
Lobo, N. et al. Epidemiology, screening, and prevention of bladder cancer. Eur. Urol. Oncol. 5, 628–639 (2022).
Letašiová, S. et al. Bladder cancer, a review of the environmental risk factors. Environ. Health 11, S11 (2012).
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
van der Post, R. S. et al. Risk of urothelial bladder cancer in Lynch syndrome is increased, in particular among MSH2 mutation carriers. J. Med. Genet. 47, 464–470 (2010).
Lindner, A. K. et al. Lynch syndrome: its impact on urothelial carcinoma. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 22, 531 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Lindskrog, S. V. et al. An integrated multi-omics analysis identifies prognostic molecular subtypes of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Nat. Commun. 12, 2301 (2021). An update to the 2016 UROMOL consortium study, representing the largest multi-omics analysis to characterize the molecular landscape in early-stage bladder cancer.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hedegaard, J. et al. Comprehensive transcriptional analysis of early-stage urothelial carcinoma. Cancer Cell 30, 27–42 (2016).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hurst, C. D. et al. Stage-stratified molecular profiling of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer enhances biological, clinical, and therapeutic insight. Cell Rep. Med. 2, 100472 (2021).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sun, T. T., Zhao, H., Provet, J., Aebi, U. & Wu, X. R. Formation of asymmetric unit membrane during urothelial differentiation. Mol. Biol. Rep. 23, 3–11 (1996).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Varley, C. L. et al. PPARgamma-regulated tight junction development during human urothelial cytodifferentiation. J. Cell. Physiol. 208, 407–417 (2006).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Southgate, J., Harnden, P. & Trejdosiewicz, L. K. Cytokeratin expression patterns in normal and malignant urothelium: a review of the biological and diagnostic implications. Histol. Histopathol. 14, 657–664 (1999).
Wezel, F., Pearson, J. & Southgate, J. Plasticity of in vitro-generated urothelial cells for functional tissue formation. Tissue Eng. Part. A 20, 1358–1368 (2014).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wiessner, G. B., Plumber, S. A., Xiang, T. & Mendelsohn, C. L. Development, regeneration and tumorigenesis of the urothelium. Development 149, dev198184 (2022).
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Fishwick, C. et al. Heterarchy of transcription factors driving basal and luminal cell phenotypes in human urothelium. Cell Death Differ. 24, 809–818 (2017).
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Curtius, K., Wright, N. A. & Graham, T. A. An evolutionary perspective on field cancerization. Nat. Rev. Cancer 18, 19–32 (2018).
Comments (0)