Marennikova SS, Moyer RW. Classification of Poxviruses and brief characterization of the genus Orthopoxvirus. In: Orthopoxviruses pathogenic for humans. Springer; 2005. pp. 11–18.
Kleinkauf N, Verweij PE, Arendrup MC, Donnelly PJ, Cuenca-Estrella M, Fraaije B, Melchers WJG, Adriaenssens N, Kema GHJ, Ullmann A. European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control: risk assessment on the impact of environmental usage of triazoles on the development and spread of resistance to medical triazoles in Aspergillus species. Solna: ECDC; 2013.
Silva NIO, de Oliveira JS, Kroon EG, Trindade GDS, Drumond BP. Here, there, and everywhere: the wide host range and geographic distribution of zoonotic orthopoxviruses. Viruses. 2020;13:43.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Parker S, Buller RM. A review of experimental and natural infections of animals with monkeypox virus between 1958 and 2012. Future Virol. 2013;8:129–57.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ladnyj ID, Ziegler P, Kima E. A human infection caused by monkeypox virus in Basankusu Territory, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Bull World Health Organ. 1972;46:593.
CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kalthan E, Tenguere J, Ndjapou SG, Koyazengbe TA, Mbomba J, Marada RM, Rombebe P, Yangueme P, Babamingui M, Sambella A. Investigation of an outbreak of monkeypox in an area occupied by armed groups, Central African Republic. Med Mal Infect. 2018;48:263–8.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hoff NA, Doshi RH, Colwell B, Kebela-Illunga B, Mukadi P, Mossoko M, Muyembe-Tamfum J-J, Okitolonda-Wemakoy E, Lloyd-Smith J, Rimoin AW. Evolution of a disease surveillance system: an increase in reporting of human monkeypox disease in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2001–2013. Int J Trop Dis Health. 2017;25(2):IJTDH.35885.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
McCollum AM, Damon IK. Human monkeypox. Clin Infect Dis. 2014;58:260–7.
Sale TA, Melski JW, Stratman EJ. Monkeypox: an epidemiologic and clinical comparison of African and US disease. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2006;55:478–81.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sallam M, Al-Mahzoum K, Dardas LA, Al-Tammemi AB, Al-Majali L, Al-Naimat H, Jardaneh L, AlHadidi F, Al-Salahat K, Al-Ajlouni E. Knowledge of human monkeypox and its relation to conspiracy beliefs among students in jordanian health schools: filling the knowledge gap on emerging Zoonotic Viruses. Medicina (B Aires). 2022;58:924.
Nakazawa Y, Mauldin MR, Emerson GL, Reynolds MG, Lash RR, Gao J, Zhao H, Li Y, Muyembe J-J, MbalaKingebeni P. A phylogeographic investigation of African monkeypox. Viruses. 2015;7:2168–84.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kozlov M. Monkeypox outbreaks: 4 key questions researchers have. Nature. 2022;606:238–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bunge EM, Hoet B, Chen L, Lienert F, Weidenthaler H, Baer LR, Steffen R. The changing epidemiology of human monkeypox—a potential threat? A systematic review. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2022;16(2):e0010141.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hutson CL, Olson VA, Carroll DS, Abel JA, Hughes CM, Braden ZH, Weiss S, Self J, Osorio JE, Hudson PN. A Prairie dog animal model of systemic orthopoxvirus disease using West African and Congo basin strains of monkeypox virus. J Gen Virol. 2009;90:323–33.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Organization WH. Public health advice for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men on the recent outbreak of monkeypox. 2022.
Organization WH. Global action plan on physical activity 2018–2030: more active people for a healthier world. World Health Organization, 2019. ISBN 9241514183.
Organization WH. WHO Advisory committee on variola virus research: report of the nineteenth meeting, 1-2 November 2017, Geneva, Switzerland. World Health Organization; 2018.
Brown K, Leggat PA. Human monkeypox: current state of knowledge and implications for the future. Trop Med Infect Dis. 2016;1:8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Grant R, Nguyen L-BL, Breban R. Modelling human-to-human transmission of monkeypox. Bull World Health Organ. 2020;98:638.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sallam M, Dababseh D, Yaseen A, Al-Haidar A, Ababneh NA, Bakri FG, Mahafzah A. Conspiracy beliefs are associated with lower knowledge and higher anxiety levels regarding COVID-19 among students at the University of Jordan. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:4915.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Freeman D, Waite F, Rosebrock L, Petit A, Causier C, East A, Jenner L, Teale A-L, Carr L, Mulhall S. Coronavirus conspiracy beliefs, mistrust, and compliance with government guidelines in England. Psychol Med. 2022;52:251–63.
Sallam M, Al-Mahzoum K, Al-Tammemi AB, Alkurtas M, Mirzaei F, Kareem N, Al-Naimat H, Jardaneh L, Al-Majali L, AlHadidi A. Assessing healthcare workers’ knowledge and their confidence in the diagnosis and management of human monkeypox: a cross-sectional study in a Middle Eastern Country. In: Proceedings of the Healthcare. Vol. 10. MDPI; 2022. p. 1722.
Alshahrani NZ, Algethami MR, Alarifi AM, Alzahrani F, Alshehri EA, Alshehri AM, Sheerah HA, Abdelaal A, Sah R, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. Knowledge and attitude regarding monkeypox virus among physicians in Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional study. Vaccines. 2022;10:2099.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Alshahrani NZ, Mitra S, Alkuwaiti AA, Alhumam MN, Altmimi SMB, Alamri MHM, Albalawi ZAS, Almorgi MW, Alharbi HKD, Alshahrani SM. Medical students’ perception regarding the re-emerging monkeypox virus: an institution-based cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Cureus. 2022;14(8):e28060.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Abouzed M, Elawdy AK, Abou Elzahab NF, Abuhegazy H, Ahmed SE, Altuhayni AS, Salama B. Study of burning out, knowledge and attitude of Egyptian psychiatrist towards COVID-19 pandemic.
Harapan H, Setiawan AM, Yufika A, Anwar S, Wahyuni S, Asrizal FW, Sufri MR, Putra RP, Wijayanti NP, Salwiyadi S. Knowledge of human monkeypox viral infection among general practitioners: a cross-sectional study in Indonesia. Pathog Glob Health. 2020;114:68–75.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Armstrong P. Bloom’s taxonomy. Vanderbilt University Center for Teaching; 2010.
Ali HH, Yousif AM, Abd El-Haleem SA. Health awareness program to pregnant women regarding corona virus disease (Covid 19).
Alsulaiman SA, Rentner TL. The use of the health belief model to assess US college students’ perceptions of COVID-19 and adherence to preventive measures. J Public Health Res. 2021;2021:jphr-2021.
Tarín-Vicente EJ, Alemany A, Agud-Dios M, Ubals M, Suñer C, Antón A, Arando M, Arroyo-Andrés J, Calderón-Lozano L, Casañ C. Clinical presentation and virological assessment of confirmed human monkeypox virus cases in Spain: a prospective observational cohort study. Lancet. 2022;400:661–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Morgan CN, Whitehill F, Doty JB, Schulte J, Matheny A, Stringer J, Delaney LJ, Esparza R, Rao AK, McCollum AM. Environmental persistence of monkeypox virus on surfaces in household of person with travel-associated infection, Dallas, Texas, USA, 2021. Emerg Infect Dis. 2022;28:1982–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Alsanafi M, Al-Mahzoum K, Sallam M. Monkeypox knowledge and confidence in diagnosis and management with evaluation of emerging virus infection conspiracies among health professionals in Kuwait. Pathogens. 2022;11:994.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Alshahrani NZ, Alzahrani F, Alarifi AM, Algethami MR, Alhumam MN, Ayied HAM, Awan AZ, Almutairi AF, Bamakhrama SA, Almushari BS. Assessment of knowledge of monkeypox viral infection among the general population in Saudi Arabia. Pathogens. 2022;11:904.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Fraher EP, Pittman P, Frogner BK, Spetz J, Moore J, Beck AJ, Armstrong D, Buerhaus PI. Ensuring and sustaining a pandemic workforce. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:2181–3.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Al-Sanafi M, Sallam M. Psychological determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance among healthcare workers in Kuwait: a cross-sectional study using the 5C and vaccine conspiracy beliefs scales. Vaccines. 2021;9:701.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hisham R, Ng CJ, Liew SM, Hamzah N, Ho GJ. Why is there variation in the practice of evidence-based medicine in primary care? A qualitative study. BMJ Open. 2016;6:e010565.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ajibo TH, Obi-Keguna CN, Iyiani CC. Monkey pox and destabilization of community life in Nigeria: implication for social work practice. In: Proceedings of the CONFERENCE PROCEEDINGS OF THE 1st. p. 72.
Ciccozzi M, Petrosillo N. The monkeypox pandemic as a worldwide emergence: much ado? Infect Dis Rep. 2022;14:597–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kozlov M. Monkeypox goes global: why scientists are on alert. Nature. 2022;606:15–6.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Melendez-Rosado J, Thompson KM, Cowdell JC, Alvarez CS, Ung RL, Villanueva A, Jeffers KB, Imam JS, Mitkov MV, Kaleem TA. Reducing unnecessary testing: an intervention to improve resident ordering practices. Postgrad Med J. 2017;93:476–9.
Comments (0)