Successful endoscopic removal of sewing needle and flat metal: a case report

Although foreign body ingestions and food bolus impactions in the esophagus are important emergency conditions, the real incidence is unknown. One study from the USA revealed an incidence of 13 out of 100,000 individuals [3]. The majority of ingested foreign bodies will pass spontaneously. Pre-endoscopic series have shown that 80% or more of foreign objects will likely pass without the need for intervention [4].

The most common items swallowed that can cause trouble are coins, food, metal objects, and fishbones. However, foreign body ingestion cases can include all kinds of objects, such as forks, magnets, and nails. Pre-schoolers of both sexes and individuals with mental health issues are in the high-risk group [5]. A complication frequently reported associated with foreign body ingestion is intestinal perforation, which is predominantly caused by fish bones, yet < 1% of foreign bodies are actually known to cause perforation. Perforations often present with erythema, crepitus, or tenderness [6].

For radiolucent foreign body entities, computed tomography (CT) may be performed. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ineffective for detecting FBs [7]. Endoscopy has become the preferred choice to remove FBs not only because it avoids the need for surgery, but because it uses conveniently accessible technical devices and advanced visualization, may simultaneously diagnose other diseases, and is cost efficient in comparison to other methods [8]. The overtube resembles a sleeve-like device, which possesses a diameter that is larger than an endoscope to enable its passage into the esophagus and stomach. Using this method, overtubes protect the digestive mucosa from injury and limit the risk of aspiration. Additionally, they facilitate access for repeated withdrawal and insertion [9].

Emergency endoscopic intervention (within 2 h of arrival) is required for patients with high-grade esophageal obstruction and ingestion of disk batteries or sharp-pointed long objects. Urgent endoscopic intervention (within 24 h of arrival) is needed for esophageal foreign objects that are not sharp-pointed, food impaction without complete obstruction, sharp-pointed objects in the stomach or duodenum, objects longer than 6 cm in length, and magnets within endoscopic reach [10]. Surgical intervention is required in less than 1% of cases. Since endoscopic techniques have progressed, surgery takes more of a background seat. The absolute indication for surgery exists only in case of perforation [11].

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