Groenewegen A, Rutten FH, Mosterd A, Hoes AW (2020) Epidemiology of heart failure. Eur J Heart Fail 22(8):1342–1356

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Savarese G, Lund LH (2017) Global public health burden of heart failure. Card Fail Rev 3(1):7–11

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

McDonagh TA, Metra M, Adamo M, Gardner RS, Baumbach A, Böhm M, et al. (2021) 2021 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure. Eur Heart J

McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, Gong J, Lefkowitz MP, Rizkala AR et al (2014) Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med 371(11):993–1004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, Køber L, Kosiborod MN, Martinez FA et al (2019) Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med 381(21):1995–2008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Pocock SJ, Carson P et al (2020) Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with empagliflozin in heart failure. N Engl J Med 383(15):1413–1424

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Felker GM, Butler J, Ibrahim NE, Piña IL, Maisel A, Bapat D et al (2021) Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator eligibility after initiation of sacubitril/valsartan in chronic heart failure: insights from PROVE-HF. Circulation 144(2):180–182

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kang DH, Park SJ, Shin SH, Hong GR, Lee S, Kim MS et al (2019) Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor for functional mitral regurgitation. Circulation 139(11):1354–1365

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Packer M (1985) Sudden unexpected death in patients with congestive heart failure: a second frontier. Circulation 72(4):681–685

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Packer M (2020) What causes sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction? Eur Heart J 41(18):1757–1763

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shen L, Jhund PS, Petrie MC, Claggett BL, Barlera S, Cleland JGF et al (2017) Declining risk of sudden death in heart failure. N Engl J Med 377(1):41–51

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Packer M (2019) What causes sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure and a reduced ejection fraction? Eur Heart J 41(18):1757–1763

Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cronin EM, Bogun FM, Maury P, Peichl P, Chen M, Namboodiri N et al (2020) 2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS expert consensus statement on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias: executive summary. Heart Rhythm 17(1):e155–e205

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Martens P, Nuyens D, Rivero-Ayerza M, Van Herendael H, Vercammen J, Ceyssens W et al (2019) Sacubitril/valsartan reduces ventricular arrhythmias in parallel with left ventricular reverse remodeling in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Clin Res Cardiol 108(10):1074–1082

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Diego C, González-Torres L, Núñez JM, Centurión Inda R, Martin-Langerwerf DA, Sangio AD et al (2018) Effects of angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition compared to angiotensin inhibition on ventricular arrhythmias in reduced ejection fraction patients under continuous remote monitoring of implantable defibrillator devices. Heart Rhythm 15(3):395–402

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Russo V, Bottino R, Rago A, Papa AA, Liccardo B, Proietti R et al (2020) The effect of sacubitril/valsartan on device detected arrhythmias and electrical parameters among dilated cardiomyopathy patients with reduced ejection fraction and implantable cardioverter defibrillator. J Clin Med 9(4):1111

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Curtain JP, Jackson AM, Shen L, Jhund PS, Docherty KF, Petrie MC et al (2022) Effect of sacubitril/valsartan on investigator-reported ventricular arrhythmias in PARADIGM-HF. Eur J Heart Fail 24(3):551–561

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iles L, Pfluger H, Lefkovits L, Butler MJ, Kistler PM, Kaye DM et al (2011) Myocardial fibrosis predicts appropriate device therapy in patients with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention of sudden cardiac death. J Am Coll Cardiol 57(7):821–828

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Konstam MA, Kramer DG, Patel AR, Maron MS, Udelson JE (2011) Left ventricular remodeling in heart failure: current concepts in clinical significance and assessment. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 4(1):98–108

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Al-Gobari M, El Khatib C, Pillon F, Gueyffier F (2013) β-Blockers for the prevention of sudden cardiac death in heart failure patients: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 13:52

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Le HH, El-Khatib C, Mombled M, Guitarian F, Al-Gobari M, Fall M et al (2016) Impact of aldosterone antagonists on sudden cardiac death prevention in heart failure and post-myocardial infarction patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. PLoS ONE 11(2):e0145958

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shen L, Jhund PS, McMurray JJV (2017) Declining risk of sudden death in heart failure. N Engl J Med 377(18):1794–1795

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hubers SA, Brown NJ (2016) Combined angiotensin receptor antagonism and neprilysin inhibition. Circulation 133(11):1115–1124

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zile MR, O’Meara E, Claggett B, Prescott MF, Solomon SD, Swedberg K et al (2019) Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on biomarkers of extracellular matrix regulation in patients with HFrEF. J Am Coll Cardiol 73(7):795–806

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Docherty KF, Campbell RT, Brooksbank KJM, Dreisbach JG, Forsyth P, Godeseth RL et al (2021) Effect of neprilysin inhibition on left ventricular remodeling in patients with asymptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction late after myocardial infarction. Circulation 144(3):199–209

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Januzzi JL Jr, Prescott MF, Butler J, Felker GM, Maisel AS, McCague K et al (2019) Association of change in n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide following initiation of sacubitril-valsartan treatment with cardiac structure and function in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. JAMA 322(11):1085–1095

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nishikimi T, Maeda N, Matsuoka H (2006) The role of natriuretic peptides in cardioprotection. Cardiovasc Res 69(2):318–328

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kerkelä R, Ulvila J, Magga J (2015) Natriuretic peptides in the regulation of cardiovascular physiology and metabolic events. J Am Heart Assoc 4(10):e002423

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Landstrom AP, Dobrev D, Wehrens XHT (2017) Calcium signaling and cardiac arrhythmias. Circ Res 120(12):1969–1993

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hallstrom A, Pratt CM, Greene HL, Huther M, Gottlieb S, DeMaria A et al (1995) Relations between heart failure, ejection fraction, arrhythmia suppression and mortality: analysis of the Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 25(6):1250–1257

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Niebauer J, Clark AL, Anker SD, Coats AJ (1999) Three year mortality in heart failure patients with very low left ventricular ejection fractions. Int J Cardiol 70(3):245–247

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sutovsky I, Katoh T, Ohno T, Honma H, Takayama H, Takano T (2004) Relationship between brain natriuretic peptide, myocardial wall stress, and ventricular arrhythmia severity. Jpn Heart J 45(5):771–777

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

St John Sutton MG, Plappert T, Abraham WT, Smith AL, De Lurgio DB, Leon AR et al (2003) Effect of cardiac resynchronization therapy on left ventricular size and function in chronic heart failure. Circulation 107(15):1985–1990

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chatterjee NA, Roka A, Lubitz SA, Gold MR, Daubert C, Linde C et al (2015) Reduced appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy after cardiac resynchronization therapy-induced left ventricular function recovery: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Eur Heart J 36(41):2780–2789

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hodges M, Bailey JJ, Church TR (2003) B-type natriuretic peptide predicts sudden death in patients with chronic heart failure. Circulation 107(1):e13

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Desai AS, McMurray JJ, Packer M, Swedberg K, Rouleau JL, Chen F et al (2015) Effect of the angiotensin-receptor-neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 compared with enalapril on mode of death in heart failure patients. Eur Heart J 36(30):1990–1997

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sinha SK, Crain B, Flickinger K, Calkins H, Rickard J, Cheng A et al (2016) Clinical inferences of cardiovascular implantable electronic device analysis at autopsy. J Am Coll Cardiol 68(12):1255–1264

Article