We gratefully thank Amir Yacoby for his generous help for the microwave measurements. We also thank Marie Wesson and Nick Poniatowski for technical support during the microwave measurements. We thank Yang Gao and Junyeong Ahn, Philip Kim for helpful discussions. We also gratefully thank Linda Ye, Masataka Mogi, Yukako Fujishiro, and Takashi Kurumaji for extensive discussions on the scaling of AHE.

Funding: Work in the SYX group was partly supported through the Center for the Advancement of Topological Semimetals (CATS), an Energy Frontier Research Center (EFRC) funded by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Office of Science (fabrication and measurements), through the Ames National Laboratory under contract DE-AC0207CH11358. and partly through Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) grant FA9550-23-1-0040 (data analysis and manuscript writing). SYX acknowledges the Corning Fund for Faculty Development. QM acknowledges support from the CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholars program. SYX and DB were supported by the NSF Career DMR-2143177. CT and ZS acknowledge support from the Swiss National Science Foundation under project P2EZP2 191801 and P500PT 206914, respectively. YFL, SYX, DCB, YO and LF were supported by the STC Center for Integrated Quantum Materials (CIQM), NSF Grant No. DMR-1231319. This work was performed in part at the Center for Nanoscale Systems (CNS) Harvard University, a member of the National Nanotechnology Coordinated Infrastructure Network (NNCI), which is supported by the National Science Foundation under NSF award no.1541959. Bulk single crystal growth and characterization of MnBi2Te4 were performed at UCLA, which were supported by the DOE, office of Science, under Award Number DE-SC0021117. The work at Northeastern University was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under award number FA9550-20-1-0322, and it benefited from the computational resources of Northeastern University’s Advanced Scientific Computation Center (ASCC) and the Discovery Cluster. The work in the QM group was partly supported through the CATS, an EFRC funded by the DOE Office of Science, through the Ames National Laboratory under contract DE-AC0207CH11358 (fabrication and measurements) and partly through NSF DMR-2143426 (data analysis and manuscript writing). TVT and PPO were supported from the CATS, an EFRC funded by the DOE Office of Science, through the Ames National Laboratory under contract DE-AC0207CH11358. TRC was supported by the 2030 Cross-Generation Young Scholars Program from the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan (program no. MOST111-2628-M-006-003-MY3), National Cheng Kung University (NCKU), Taiwan, and the National Center for Theoretical Sciences (NCTS), Taiwan. This research was supported, in part, by the Higher Education Sprout Project, Ministry of Education to the Headquarters of University Advancement at NCKU. HL acknowledges the support by the National Science and Technology Council (NSTC) in Taiwan under grant number MOST 111-2112-M-001-057-MY3. The work at TIFR Mumbai was supported by the Department of Atomic Energy of the Government of India under Project No. 12-R&D-TFR-5.10-0100 and benefited from the computational resources of TIFR Mumbai. KW and TT acknowledge support from the JSPS KAKENHI (Grant Numbers 20H00354, 21H05233 and 23H02052) and World Premier International Research Center Initiative (WPI), MEXT, Japan. MH and CRD were supported by the AFOSR under award No. FA9550-20-1-0319.

Author contributions: SYX conceived the experiments and supervised the project. AG fabricated the devices, performed the measurements and analyzed data with help from YFL, DB, JXQ, HCL, CT, TD, ZS, SCH, DCB and QM. AG and SWC performed the microwave rectification experiments. CH, TQ and NN grew the MnBi2Te4 single crystals. MH and CRD performed NV center magnetometry. BG made the theoretical studies including first-principles calculations and effective modeling with the help from TVT, YO, HJT, SWL, BS, HL, AB, TRC, LF and PPO. TVT developed the effective model with help from BG under the guidance of PPO. KW and TT grew the hBN single crystals. SYX, AG and QM wrote the manuscript with input from all authors.

Competing interests: The authors declare no competing financial interests.