Immunomodulatory effects of the combination of Korean red ginseng and Cervi Parvum Cornu via the MAPK pathway

Available online 2 September 2025

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Korean red ginseng (KRG) and Cervi Parvum Cornu (CPC) act synergistically to improve cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression in rats, as evidenced by restoration of lymphocyte numbers, enhanced NK cell cytotoxic activity, normalization of NK cell-related cytokine profiles, and activation of the MAPK signaling pathway.

Graphical abstract