The multi-component active ingredient delivery system based on co-assembly possesses the merits of reducing drug dosage, attenuating pest resistance, enhancing ingredient utilization and broadening the control range, etc., and presents an excellent application prospect. Herein, a carrier-free co-assembled nanopesticide based on two first-line pesticides, abamectin B1a and imidacloprid, is successfully fabricated by a straightforward nanoprecipitation technique alone. NMR, UV-vis titration and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that intermolecular hydrogen bonding and van der Waals force are the key driving forces for their binding. Less frequently encountered π-alkyl forces also prevail in co-assembled systems. The co-assembled nanopesticide presents a structured spherical shape with the size of ~200 nm. Soil permeability and UV degradation resistance are significantly higher than those of the two pure components. The surface of Ditylenchus destructor Thorne (D. destructor) treated with the nanoparticles becomes smooth, and the roughness is significantly lower than that of the control group. The activity of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) in vivo is significantly lower than that in the treatment group alone. AVM@IMI is also shown to have a better biosafety profile than commercial preparations. This strategy is expected to achieve efficient control of D.destructor, and green and sustainable development of agricultural control.

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