1. Possani LD, Becerril B, Delepierre M, Ty-tgat J (1999) Scorpion toxins specific for Na+-channels. Eur J Biochem. 264 (2): 287–300.
2. Gopalakrishnakone P, Possani LD, Schwartz EF, Rodríguez De La Vega RC (2015) Scorpion Venoms, Toxinol-ogy. Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht.
3. Cohen L, Lipstein N, Gordon D, Cohen L, Lipstein N GD (2006) Allosteric inter-actions between scorpion toxin receptor sites on voltage-gated Na channels im¬ply a novel role for weakly active com-ponents in arthropod venom. FASEB J. 20(11): 1933–1935.
4. Quintero-Hernández V, Jiménez-Vargas JM, Gurrola GB, Valdivia HH, Possani LD (2013) Scorpion venom components that affect ion-channels function. Toxi-con. 76: 328–342.
5. Froy O, Gurevitz M (2003) New insight on scorpion divergence inferred from com-parative analysis of toxin structure, phar-macology and distribution. Toxi¬con. 42 (5): 549–555.
6. Rodríguez De La Vega RC, Possani LD (2005) Overview of scorpion toxins spe-cific for Na+ channels and related pep-tides: Biodiversity, structure-function re-la¬tionships and evolution. Toxicon. 46 (8): 831–844.
7. Dehghani R, Fathi B (2012) Scorpion sting in Iran: A review. Toxicon. 60(5): 919–933.
8. Possani LD, Merino E, Corona M, Bolivar F, Becerril B (2000) Peptides and genes coding for scorpion toxins that affect ion-channels. Biochimie. 82(9–10): 861–868.
9. Rodríguez de la Vega RC, Schwartz EF, Possani LD (2010) Mining on scorpion venom biodiversity. Toxicon. 56(7): 1155–1161.
10. Huys I, Olamendi-Portugal T, Garcia-Gómez BI, Vandenberghe I, Van Beeu-men J, Dy¬ason K (2004) A subfamily of acidic alpha-K (+) toxins. J Biol Chem. 279(4): 2781–2789.
11. Housley DM, Housley GD, Liddell MJ, Jennings EA (2017) Scorpion toxin pep-tide action at the ion channel subunit lev¬el. Neuropharmacology. 127: 46–78.
12. Caliskan F, García BI, Coronas FIV, Resta¬no-Cassulini R, Korkmaz F, Sahin Y (2012) Purification and cDNA clon-ing of a novel neurotoxic peptide (Acra3) from the scorpion Androctonus crassi¬cauda. Peptides. 37(1): 106–112.
13. Bayatzadeh MA, Mirakabadi AZ, Babaei N, Doulah AH, Doosti A (2020) Charac-terization, molecular modeling and phy-logenetic analysis of a long mammalian neurotoxin from the venom of the Irani-an scorpion Androctonus crassicauda. Bi¬ologia (Bratisl). 75(7): 1029–1041.
14. Lowry OH, Rosebrough NJ, Farr AL, Ran¬dall RJ (1951) Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent. J Biol Chem. 193(1): 265–275.
15. Tytgat J, Debont T, Rostoll K, Müller GJ, Verdonck F, Daenens P (1998) Purifica-tion and partial characterization of a “short” insectotoxin-like peptide from the venom of the scorpion Parabuthus schlechteri. FEBS Lett. 441(3): 387–391.
16. Crest M, Jacquet G, Gola M, Zerrouk H, Benslimane A, Rochat H (1992) Kali-otoxin, a novel peptidyl inhibitor of neu-ronal BK-type Ca (2+)-activated K+ chan¬nels characterized from Androcto-nus mauretanicus mauretanicus venom. J Bi¬ol Chem. 267(3): 1640–1647.
17. Spearman C (1908) The method of “right and wrong cases” (Constant Stimuli) with¬out Gauss’s formula. Br J Psychol. 2: 227–242.
18. Kärber G (1931) Beitrag zur kollektiven Behandlung pharmakologischer Reihen-versuche. Arch Exp Path Pharm. 162: 480–483.
19. Bienert S, Heer FT, de Beer TAP, Lepore R, Rempfer C, Gumienny R (2018) SWISS-MODEL: homology modelling of protein structures and complexes. Nucle¬ic Acids Res. 46: 296–303.
20. Källberg M, Wang H, Wang S, Peng J, Wang Z, Lu H (2012) Template-based protein structure modeling using the Rap¬torX web server. Nat Protoc. 7(8): 1511–1522.
21. Yan Y, Huang SY (2018) Protein-Protein Docking with Improved Shape Com¬ple-mentarity. In: Huang DS, Bevilacqua V, Premaratne P, Gupta P (Eds) Intelli¬gent Computing Theories and Applica¬tion. ICIC 2018. Lecture Notes in Com¬puter Science, vol 10954. Springer, Cham.
22. Hall TA (1991) BioEdit: a user-friendly bi¬ological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/ NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser. 41: 95–98.
23. Kumar S, Stecher G, Li M, Knyaz C, Tamu¬ra K (2018) MEGA X: Molecular evolu¬tionary genetics analysis across compu¬ting platforms. Mol Biol Evol. 35(6): 1547–1549.
24. Batista CVF, Román-González SA, Salas-Castillo SP, Zamudio FZ, Gómez-La-gunas F, Possani LD (2007) Proteo¬mic analysis of the venom from the scorpion Tityus stigmurus: Biochemical and phys¬i-ological comparison with other Tityus spe¬cies. Comp Biochem Physiol - C Tox-i¬col Pharmacol. 146(1–2): 147–57.
25. Leipold E, Lu S, Gordon D, Hansel A, Heinemann SH (2004) Combinatorial in-teraction of scorpion toxins Lqh-2, Lqh-3, and LqhαIT with sodium channel re-ceptor sites-3. Mol Pharmacol. 65(3): 685–691.
26. Fabrichny IP, Mondielli G, Conrod S, Mar¬tin-Eauclaire M-F, Bourne Y, Mar-chot P (2012) Structural insights into antibody sequestering and neutralizing of Na+ chan¬nel α-Type modulator from Old World scorpion venom. J Biol Chem. 287(17): 14136–14148.
27. Laskowski RA, MacArthur MW, Moss DS, Thornton JM (1993) PROCHECK: a pro¬gram to check the stereochemical quality of protein structures. J Appl Crystallogr. 26(2): 283–291.
28. Gupta M, Wadhwa G, Sharma SK, Jain CK (2013) Homology modeling and valida¬tion of SAS2271 transcriptional regula¬tor of AraC family in Staphylo-coccus au¬reus. Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 3(1): 1–4.
29. Clairfeuille T, Cloake A, Infield DT, Llongueras JP, Arthur CP, Li ZR (2019) Structural basis of α-scorpion toxin ac-tion on Na v channels. Science. 363 (6433): eaav8573.
30. Adi-Bessalem S, Laraba-Djebari F, Bougis PE, Martin-Eauclaire MF, Hammoudi-Triki D (2019) Serotherapy against Volt-age-Gated Sodium Channel-Targeting αTox¬ins from Androctonus Scorpion Veno¬m. Toxins (Basel). 11(2): 63–86.
31. Mouhat S, Jouirou B, Mosbah A, De Waard M, Sabatier JM (2004) Diversity of folds in animal toxins acting on ion channels. Biochem J. 378: 717–726.
32. Dhawan R, Joseph S, Sethi A, Lala AK (2002) Purification and characterization of a short insect toxin from the venom of the scorpion Buthus tamulus. FEBS Lett. 528(1–3): 261–266.
33. de la Vega RCRR, Possani LD (2007) Nov¬el paradigms on scorpion toxins that af¬fects the activating mechanism of so-di¬um channels. Toxicon. 49(2): 171–180.
34. Garcia M, GAO YD, McManus O, Ka-czor¬owski G (2001) Potassium chan¬nels: from scorpion venoms to high-resolu¬tion structure. Toxicon. 39(6): 739–748.
35. Gurevitz M (2012) Mapping of scorpion toxin receptor sites at voltage-gated so-dium channels. Toxicon. 60(4): 502–511.
36. Kahn R, Karbat I, Ilan N, Cohen L, Sokolov S, Catterall WA (2009) Molec-ular requirements for recognition of brain voltage-gated sodium channels by scor¬pion α-toxins. J Biol Chem. 284(31): 20684–20691.
37. Borges A, Alfonzo MJ, García CC, Winand NJ, Leipold E, Heinemann SH (2004) Iso¬lation, molecular cloning and func¬tion¬al characterization of a novel beta-toxin from the Venezuelan scorpi-on, Ti¬tyus zulianus. Toxicon. 43(6): 671–684.
38. Cestèle S, Qu Y, Rogers JC, Rochat H, Scheuer T, Catterall WA (1998) Voltage sensor-trapping: enhanced activation of sodium channels by beta-scorpion toxin bound to the S3-S4 loop in domain II. Neuron. 21(4): 919–931.
39. Catterall WA, Cestèle S, Yarov-Yarovoy V, Yu FH, Konoki K, Scheuer T (2007) Voltage-gated ion channels and gating modifier toxins. Toxicon. 49(2): 124–141.
40. Estrada G, Restano-Cassulini R, Ortiz E, Possani LD, Corzo G (2011) Addition of positive charges at the C-terminal pep¬tide region of CssII, a mammalian scor¬pion peptide toxin, improves its af-finity for sodium channels Nav1.6. Pep-tides. 32(1): 75–79.
41. Yang F, Liu S, Zhang Y, Qin C, Xu L, Li W (2018) Expression of recombinant α-toxin BmKM9 from scorpion Buthus mar¬tensii Karsch and its functional charac¬terization on sodium channels. Peptides. 99: 153–160.
42. Zaharenko AJ, Schiavon E, Ferreira Jr WA, Lecchi M, de Freitas JC, Richard-son M, Wanke E (2012) Characteriza¬tion of se¬lectivity and pharmacophores of type 1 sea anemone toxins by screen¬ing seven Nav sodium channel isoforms. Peptides. 34(1): 158–167.
43. Jalali A, Rahim F (2014) Epidemiological review of scorpion envenomation in Iran. Iran J Pharm Res IJPR. 13(3): 743–756.
44. Lourenço WR (2017) A new species of Physoctonus Mello-leitão, 1934 from the ‘Campos formations’ of southern Ama-zonia (Scorpiones, Buthidae). Zookeys. 711: 67–80.
45. Mourão CBF, Possani LD, Guerrero-Var-gas JA, Schwartz EF, Quintero-Hernán-dez V (2012) Identification and phylogenetic analysis of Tityus pachyurus and Tityus obscurus Novel Putative Na+-Channel Scorpion Toxins. PLoS One. 7 (2): e30478.
46. Sanaei-Zadeh H, Marashi SM, Dehghani R (2017) Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of scorpionism in Shiraz (2012–2016); development of a clinical severity grading for Iranian scorpion envenomation. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 17: 31–27.