Hoffmann JP, Liu JA, Seddu K, Klein SL (2023) Sex hormone signaling and regulation of immune function. Immunity 56:2472–2491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2023.10.008
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Klein SL, Flanagan KL (2016) Sex differences in immune responses. Nat Rev Immunol 16:626–638. https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2016.90
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Raghupathy R, Makhseed M, Azizieh R, Omu A, Gupta M, Farhat R (2000) Cytokine production by maternal lymphocytes during normal human pregnancy and in unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion. Hum Reprod 15:713–718. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/15.3.713
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Richani K, Soto E, Romero R, Espinoza J, Chaiworapongsa T, Nien JK et al (2005) Normal pregnancy is characterized by systemic activation of the complement system. J Matern-Fetal Neonatal Med 17:239–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767050500072722
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Reichhardt MP, Lundin K, Lokki AI, Recher G, Vuoristo S, Katayama S et al (2019) Complement in Human Pre-implantation Embryos: Attack and Defense. Front Immunol 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02234
Girardi G, Lingo JJ, Fleming SD, Regal JF (2020) Essential Role of Complement in Pregnancy: From Implantation to Parturition and Beyond. Front Immunol 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.01681
Meroni PL, Borghi MO, Grossi C, Chighizola CB, Durigutto P, Tedesco F (2018) Obstetric and vascular antiphospholipid syndrome: same antibodies but different diseases? Nat Rev Rheumatol 14:433–440. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41584-018-0032-6
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Nguyen TG, Ward CM, Morris JM (2013) To B or not to B cells-mediate a healthy start to life. Clin Exp Immunol 171:124–134. https://doi.org/10.1111/cei.12001
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Valeff NJ, Ventimiglia MS, Diao L, Jensen F (2023) Lupus and recurrent pregnancy loss: the role of female sex hormones and B cells. Front Endocrinol 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2023.1233883
Pauklin S, Sernández IV, Bachmann G, Ramiro AR, Petersen-Mahrt SK (2009) Estrogen directly activates AID transcription and function. J Exp Med 206:99–111. https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20080521
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mai T, Zan H, Zhang J, Hawkins JS, Xu Z, Casali P (2010) Estrogen Receptors Bind to and Activate the HOXC4/HoxC4 Promoter to Potentiate HoxC4-mediated Activation-induced Cytosine Deaminase Induction, Immunoglobulin Class Switch DNA Recombination, and Somatic Hypermutation*. J Biol Chem 285:37797–37810. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.169086
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Santana-Sánchez P, Vaquero-García R, Legorreta-Haquet MV, Chávez-Sánchez L, Chávez-Rueda AK (2024) Hormones and B-cell development in health and autoimmunity. Front Immunol 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1385501
Zhang L, Chang K-K, Li M-Q, Li D-J, Yao X-Y (2013) Mouse endometrial stromal cells and progesterone inhibit the activation and regulate the differentiation and antibody secretion of mouse B cells. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 7:123–133
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Drehmer MN, Suterio DG, Muniz YCN, de Souza IR, Löfgren SE (2016) BAFF Expression is Modulated by Female Hormones in Human Immune Cells. Biochem Genet 54:722–730. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-016-9752-y
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Dieudonné Y, Guffroy A, Poindron V, Sprauel PS, Martin T, Korganow A-S et al (2021) B cells in primary antiphospholipid syndrome: Review and remaining challenges. Autoimmun Rev 20:102798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102798
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Alvarez-Rodriguez L, Riancho-Zarrabeitia L, Calvo-Alén J, López-Hoyos M, Martínez-Taboada V (2018) Peripheral B-Cell Subset Distribution in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 19:589. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19020589
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Carbone J, Gallego A, Lanio N, Navarro J, Orera M, Aguaron A et al (2009) Quantitative Abnormalities of Peripheral Blood Distinct T, B, and Natural Killer Cell Subsets and Clinical Findings in Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome. J Rheumatol 36:1217–1225. https://doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.081079
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Li X-Y, Duan H-J, Liu X-Y, Deng X-L (2020) Change of serum B-cell activating factor level in patients with positive antiphospholipid antibodies and previous adverse pregnancy outcomes and its significance. Chin Med J (Engl) 133:2287–2294. https://doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000000948
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Jin S, Tian W, Shi D, Chen Y, Cui L et al (2024) Proteomics of Serum Samples for the Exploration of the Pathological Mechanism of Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome. J Proteome Res 23:289–300. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00554
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Dieudonné Y, Lorenzetti R, Rottura J, Janowska I, Frenger Q, Jacquel L et al (2024) Defective germinal center selection results in persistence of self-reactive B cells from the primary to the secondary repertoire in Primary Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Nat Commun 15:9921. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-54228-8
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Barbhaiya M, Zuily S, Naden R, Hendry A, Manneville F, Amigo M-C et al (2023) 2023 ACR/EULAR antiphospholipid syndrome classification criteria. Ann Rheum Dis 82:1258–1270. https://doi.org/10.1136/ard-2023-224609
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Borchers AT, Naguwa SM, Keen CL, Gershwin ME (2010) The implications of autoimmunity and pregnancy. J Autoimmun 34:J287–J299. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2009.11.015
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Viall CA, Chamley LW (2015) Histopathology in the placentae of women with antiphospholipid antibodies: A systematic review of the literature. Autoimmun Rev 14:446–471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2015.01.008
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
de Laat B, Gehlen R, de Groot PG (2024) Viewpoint: The value of non-criteria antiphospholipid antibodies. Rheumatology 63:SI64-71. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/kead632
Beça S, Borrell M, Cervera R, Figueras F, Nadal A, Espinosa G et al (2025) Non-Criteria Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome: Myth or Reality? J Clin Med 14:1299. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041299
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu H, Han J, Gao R, Hu Z, Tang Y, Qin L (2024) Clinical Features Between Primary Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Non-Criteria Obstetric Antiphospholipid Syndrome and Risk Factors of Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Retrospective Study of 1006 Cases. Am J Reprod Immunol 92. https://doi.org/10.1111/aji.13931
Wang D, Lv W, Zhang S, Zhang J (2019) Advances in the Research on Anticardiolipin Antibody. J Immunol Res 2019:8380214. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8380214
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Green D (2022) Pathophysiology of Antiphospholipid Syndrome. Thromb Haemost 122:1085–1095. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1701-2809
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jarne-Borràs M, Miró-Mur F, Anunciación-Llunell A, Alijotas-Reig J (2022) Antiphospholipid antibodies in women with recurrent embryo implantation failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Autoimmun Rev 21:103101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autrev.2022.103101
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Aringer M, Costenbader KH, Daikh DI, Brinks R, Mosca M, Ramsey-Goldman R et al (2019) 2019 EULAR/ACR Classification Criteria for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. Arthritis Rheumatol Hoboken NJ 71:1400–1412. https://doi.org/10.1002/art.40930
Abdel-Wahab N, Lopez-Olivo MA, Pinto-Patarroyo GP, Suarez-Almazor ME (2016) Systematic Review of Case Reports of Antiphospholipid Syndrome Following Infection. Lupus 25:1520–1531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0961203316640912
Comments (0)