Current cancer screening is primarily restricted to various forms of imaging. For breast and lung cancer screening there are a significant percentage of false positive tests. Testing for colorectal involves invasive colonoscopies. For some of these tests, recent recommendations to extend the screening age from 45 to 40 put more pressure on a screening system that already has difficulty meeting the suggested recommendations for screening – especially in underserved rural areas. There is a need for a simple effective screening method that can test the recommended population. Samples (154 cancer and 119 normals) were tested for five different cancers (breast, lung, colorectal, ovarian, and pancreatic). The test included measurement of extracellular protein kinase activity, other kinase activities, and antibodies to altered cancer proteins (both IgG and IgM forms). The resulting test had a sensitivity of 100% with an overall specificity of 97%. Importantly, the test also identified the cancer tissue of origin (TOO) 98% of the time minimizing the need for downstream confirmatory testing and biopsies. The test had the added benefit of differentiating cancer subtypes for lung and ovarian cancers. The groundwork was established for an effective multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test for five different cancers
Competing Interest Statement: D. Held is employed by Medix Biochemica USA and is a scientific advisor to TargaCell Corporation. R. Freese currently is an employee of Cellink, LLC
Funding StatementThis study was funded by Traxxsson, LLC
Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
Yes
The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:
Exempt- Samples were all from commercial sources who obtained consent from all patients
I confirm that all necessary patient/participant consent has been obtained and the appropriate institutional forms have been archived, and that any patient/participant/sample identifiers included were not known to anyone (e.g., hospital staff, patients or participants themselves) outside the research group so cannot be used to identify individuals.
Yes
I understand that all clinical trials and any other prospective interventional studies must be registered with an ICMJE-approved registry, such as ClinicalTrials.gov. I confirm that any such study reported in the manuscript has been registered and the trial registration ID is provided (note: if posting a prospective study registered retrospectively, please provide a statement in the trial ID field explaining why the study was not registered in advance).
Yes
I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.
Yes
Data AvailabilityData in the present study is not available as it contains trade secrets with regard to the biomarkers used.
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