Udagawa S, Osumi H, Kozuki R, Ooki A, Wakatsuki T, Kurihara N, et al. Clinical utility of the carcinoembryonic antigen level in patients with stage III colon cancer after surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy. Surg Today. 2024;54:692–701. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-023-02779-6.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kamada T, Haruki K, Nakashima K, Takahashi J, Nakaseko Y, Suzuki N, et al. Prognostic significance of the cachexia index in patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer who underwent laparoscopic surgery. Surg Today. 2023;53:1064–72. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00595-023-02646-4.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kumamoto K, Ishida H, Kuwabara K, Amano K, Chika N, Okada N, et al. Clinical significance of serum anti-p53 antibody expression following curative surgery for colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol. 2017;7:595–600.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ushigome M, Shimada H, Miura Y, Yoshida K, Kaneko T, Koda T, et al. Changing pattern of tumor markers in recurrent colorectal cancer patients before surgery to recurrence: serum p53 antibodies, CA19-9 and CEA. Int J Clin Oncol. 2020;25:622–32.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ushigome M, Shimada H, Kaneko T, Miura Y, Nagashima Y, Suzuki T, et al. Preoperative CRP(-)/CEA(-)/CA19-9(-)/non-T4 in stage III colorectal cancer is favorable risk for recurrence. J Anus Rectum Colon. 2022;27:264–73.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kadomatsu K, Tomomura M, Muramatsu T. cDNA cloning and sequencing of a new gene intensely expressed in early differentiation stages of embryonal carcinoma cells and in mid-gestation period of mouse embryogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Comm. 1988;151:1312–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jim.2013.09.013.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kemper M, Hentschel W, Graß JK, Stüben BO, Konczalla L, Rawnaq T, et al. Serum Midkine is a clinical significant biomarker for colorectal cancer and associated with poor survival. Cancer Med. 2020;9:2010–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/cam4.2884.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ito M, Oshima Y, Yajima S, Suzuki T, Nanami T, Shiratori F, et al. Diagnostic impact of high serum midkine level in patients with gastric cancer. Ann Gastroenterol Surg. 2019;3:195–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/ags3.12226.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shiratori F, Ito M, Yajima S, Suzuki T, Oshima Y, Nanami T, et al. The effectiveness of serum midkine in detecting esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Esophagus. 2019;16:246–51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10388-019-00657-0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rawnaq T, Dietrich L, Wolters-Eisfeld G, Uzunoglu FG, Vashist YK, Bachmann K, et al. The multifunctional growth factor midkine promotes proliferation and migration in pancreatic cancer. Mol Cancer Res. 2014;12:670–80. https://doi.org/10.1158/1541-7786.MCR-13-0467.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Okada R, Otsuka Y, Kajiwara Y, Maeda T, Ishii J, Kimura K, et al. Prognostic and diagnostic effects of high serum midkine levels in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Lett. 2024;27:283. https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2024.14416.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ji L, Gu L, Zhang X, Wang J. Evaluation of serum midkine and carcinoembryonic antigen as diagnostic biomarkers for rectal cancer and synchronousmetastasis. Transl Cancer Res. 2020;9:2814–23. https://doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2020.02.43.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

James D. Brierley (Editor), Mary K. Gospodarowicz (Editor), Christian Wittekind (Editor), TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours, 8th Edition Wiley-Liss; New York: 2017. ISBN: 978–1–119–26357–9

Kanda Y. Investigation of the freely available easy-to-use software ‘EZR’ for medical statistics. Bone Marrow Transplant. 2013;48:452–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hashimoto M, Kojima Y, Sakamoto T, Ozato Y, Nakano Y, Abe T, et al. Spatial and single-cell colocalisation analysis reveals MDK-mediated immunosuppressive environment with regulatory T cells in colorectal carcinogenesis. EBioMedicine. 2024;103: 105102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105102.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cheevapruk K, Ueno M, Sungwan P, Sittithumcharee G, Kariya R, Sampattavanich S, et al. Novel midkine inhibitor induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Anticancer Res. 2024;44:1023–31.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Olmeda D, Cerezo-Wallis D, Riveiro-Falkenbach E, Pennacchi PC, Contreras-Alcalde M, Ibarz N, et al. Whole-body imaging of lymphovascular niches identifies pre-metastatic roles of midkine. Nature. 2017;546:676–80.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar