Home blood pressure monitoring and mobile health application practices among pregnant persons with and at risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), which encompass chronic hypertension, gestational hypertension, and preeclampsia, are leading causes of adverse maternal and fetal events in pregnancy [1], [2]. Timely detection and management of high blood pressure are important for reducing adverse outcomes for both the mother and neonate [3], [4]. Home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) has emerged as a promising tool for early detection and closer monitoring of high blood pressure, allowing for monitoring of blood pressure between visits and in a more natural environment than the office [5], [6], [7], [8]. However, despite its potential benefits, multiple barriers to effective HBPM adoption and use exist, including a lack of standard training in the perinatal period and a feedback system to facilitate a closed-loop patient-provider communication [8], [9], [10].

In recent years, the integration of smartphones and mobile health (mHealth) applications into healthcare practice has revolutionized patient-provider communication [11], [12]. Pregnant persons, especially those at risk for HDP, stand to benefit from this technological shift, as pregnancy requires consistent and effective communication with healthcare providers [13], [14]. Smartphones, with their widespread accessibility and user-friendly applications, offer a way for real-time information exchange and HBPM training for persons from all socio-economic backgrounds [15], [16]. mHealth applications provide a platform for pregnant persons to collect and trend blood pressure values, learn more about blood pressure, and share these values with their healthcare team, enabling healthcare providers to receive and respond to HBPM in an informed way [17], [18]. Furthermore, the potential integration of wearable devices with these applications can facilitate remote tracking of additional maternal and fetal health parameters [19].

Increasingly, pregnant persons have adopted mHealth applications that facilitate electronic information seeking and sharing [20], [21]. mHealth applications encourage this inclination and can empower patients to actively participate in their health. In this study, we surveyed pregnant persons with a diagnosis of or risk factors for HDP and assessed their current HBPM practices as well as their interest in mHealth applications for healthcare communication and remote monitoring. Our study addresses a gap of the understanding of how mHealth applications can be effectively used to train and support pregnant individuals in performing essential self-management practices, such as HBPM. It also provides insights in the level of interests in these applications for training among pregnant women. While previous research highlights the general utility of mHealth in prenatal care, there is limited evidence on its role in fostering consistent, accurate HBPM as part of hypertension management during pregnancy.

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