Peterson LW, Artis D. Intestinal epithelial cells: regulators of barrier function and immune homeostasis. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14:141–53.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Light SH, Nagler CR. Regulation of immune responses to food by commensal microbes. Immunol Rev. 2024;326:203–18.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Khor B, Gardet A, Xavier RJ. Genetics and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Nature. 2011;474:307–17.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ghouri YA, Tahan V, Shen B. Secondary causes of inflammatory bowel diseases. World J Gastroenterol. 2020;26:3998–4017.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ordás I, Eckmann L, Talamini M, et al. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet. 2012;380:1606–19.
Segal JP, LeBlanc JF, Hart AL. Ulcerative colitis: an update. Clin Med (Lond). 2021;21:135–9.
Le Berre C, Honap S, Peyrin-Biroulet L. Ulcerative colitis. Lancet. 2023;402:571–84.
Shirwaikar Thomas A, Hanauer S, Wang Y. Immune checkpoint inhibitor enterocolitis vs idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2023;21:878–90.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Kubo T, Hirohashi Y, Keira Y, et al. Identification of characteristic subepithelial surface granulomatosis in immune-related adverse event-associated enterocolitis. Cancer Sci. 2021;112:1320–5.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Okada M, Maeda K, Yao T, et al. Right-sided ulcerative colitis. J Gastroenterol. 1996;31:717–22.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Goldstein N, Dulai M. Contemporary morphologic definition of backwash ileitis in ulcerative colitis and features that distinguish it from Crohn disease. Am J Clin Pathol. 2006;126:365–76.
Lumb G, Protheroe RH. Ulcerative colitis; a pathologic study of 152 surgical specimens. Gastroenterology. 1958;34:381–407.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Saltzstein SL, Rosenberg BF. Ulcerative colitis of the ileum and regional enteritis of the colon. Am J Clin Pathol. 1963;40:610–23.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Schumacher G, Kollberg B, Sandstedt B. A prospective study of first attacks of inflammatory bowel disease and infectious colitis. Histologic course during the 1st year after presentation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 1994;29:318–32.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Ajioka Y, Nishikura K. Watanabe G [Pathomorphology of ulcerative colitis]. Nihon Rinsho. 2005;63:763–9.
Kővári B, Báthori Á, Friedman MS, et al. Histologic diagnosis of inflammatory bowel diseases. Adv Anat Pathol. 2022;29:48–61.
Rozenbajgier C, Ruck P, Jenss H, et al. Filiform polyposis: a case report describing clinical, morphological, and immunohistochemical findings. Clin Investig. 1992;70:520–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Bauknecht KJ, Grosse G, Kleinert J, et al. Filiform polyposis of the colon in chronic inflammatory bowel disease (so-called giant inflammatory polyps). Z Gastroenterol. 2000;38(845–6):848–54.
Yao T, Iihara K. Histopathological diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease. Stomach and Intestine (Tokyo). 2013;48:601–10.
Autenrieth DM, Baumgart DC. Toxic megacolon. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2012;18:584–91.
Haraoka S, Iwashita A. Pathological differential diagnosis of inflammatory diseases of the small intestine. Stomach and Intestine (Tokyo). 2008;43:489–97.
Fukumoto T, Fujiwara S, Tajima S, et al. Infliximab for severe colitis associated with nivolumab followed by ipilimumab. J Dermatol. 2018;45:e1–2.
Abu-Sbeih H, Ali FS, Luo W, et al. Importance of endoscopic and histological evaluation in the management of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced colitis. J Immunother Cancer. 2018;6:95.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wang Y, Abu-Sbeih H, Mao E, et al. Endoscopic and histologic features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-related colitis. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2018;24:1695–705.
Yanai S, Nakamura S, Kawasaki K, et al. Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced diarrhea: clinicopathological study of 11 patients. Dig Endosc. 2020;32:616–20.
Gupta S, Allegretti JR. Mimics of Crohn’s disease. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2022;51:241–69.
Dilauro S, Crum-Cianflone NF. Ileitis: when it is not Crohn’s disease. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2010;12:249–58.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wang H, Kanthan R. Multiple colonic and ileal perforations due to unsuspected intestinal amoebiasis—case report and review. Pathol Res Pract. 2020;216: 152608.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shimizu S, Watanabe M, Tomioka H, et al. Infectious diseases which should be differentiated from Crohn’s disease. Stomach and Intestine (Tokyo). 2006;41:951–8.
Johnson DB, Nebhan CA, Moslehi JJ, et al. Immune-checkpoint inhibitors: long-term implications of toxicity. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 2022;19:254–67.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Mok K, Wu C, Chan S, et al. Clinical management of gastrointestinal and liver toxicities of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Clin Colorectal Cancer. 2024;23:4–13.
Simonaggio A, Michot JM, Voisin AL, et al. Evaluation of readministration of immune checkpoint inhibitors after immune-related adverse events in patients with cancer. JAMA Oncol. 2019;5:1310–7.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yanai S, Nakamura S, Kawasaki K, et al. Clinical and colonoscopic features of immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated colitis. Stomach Intestine (Tokyo). 2020;55:891–9.
Gonzalez RS, Salaria SN, Bohannon CD, et al. PD-1 inhibitor gastroenterocolitis: case series and appraisal of ‘immunomodulatory gastroenterocolitis.’ Histopathology. 2017;70:558–67.
Chen JH, Pezhouh MK, Lauwers GY, et al. Histopathologic features of colitis due to immunotherapy with anti-PD-1 antibodies. Am J Surg Pathol. 2017;41:643–54.
Yao T, Okano S, Takeda T, et al. Histopathological features of drug-related digestive diseases. Stomach Intestine (Tokyo). 2020;55:883–9.
Gupta A, De Felice KM, et al. Systematic review: colitis associated with anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2015;42:406–17.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hayashi Y, Hosoe N, Takabayashi K, et al. Clinical, endoscopic, and pathological characteristics of immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced
Comments (0)