Review Article - Special Collection: Infection Prevention and Control Tolerability of facemask during physical exercises during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review

Akwagiobe F. Odey, Iwara I. Arikpo, Joshua Meremikwu, Mavis A. Otonkue, Nkwachukwu N. Chukwu, Freedman Ita-Lincoln

Journal of Public Health in Africa | Vol 16, No 2 | a610 | DOI: https://doi.org/10.4102/jphia.v16i2.610 | © 2025 Akwagiobe F. Odey, Iwara I. Arikpo, Joshua Meremikwu, Mavis A. Otonkue, Nkwachukwu N. Chukwu, Freedman Ita-Lincoln | This work is licensed under CC Attribution 4.0
Submitted: 10 May 2024 | Published: 07 March 2025

About the author(s) Akwagiobe F. Odey, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Iwara I. Arikpo, Department of Computer Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
Joshua Meremikwu, Cochrane Nigeria, Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Mavis A. Otonkue, Cochrane Nigeria, Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Nkwachukwu N. Chukwu, Cochrane Nigeria, Institute of Tropical Diseases Research and Prevention, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria
Freedman Ita-Lincoln, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: Available evidence supports the use of facemasks by all groups to prevent respiratory infections, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, it is not clear whether these masks can be used safely during various intensities of physical exercise.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of different types of facemasks on oxygen saturation, oxygen uptake, rate of perceived exertion and performance during different physical exercises.

Setting: Healthcare databases.

Method: We searched for articles published between 2020 to 05 September 2022. There was no restriction in age, language or setting. Electronic databases including The Cochrane Library - Central Register of Controlled Trials and Cochrane Database of systematic review and EPOC; MEDLINE; EMBASE were searched for articles for the period stated above. Risk of Bias in included studies was assessed using Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs.

Results: Twenty-four randomised control trials with cross-over design were included. There was a total of 617 participants (373 males and 244 females). None of studies reported on prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infection by mask. The pooled effect estimate shows that wearing surgical mask did not affect oxygen saturation and oxygen uptake. Masks are tolerated during mild and moderate exercise, but reduce maximal exercise capacity. Children tolerate masks for submaximal exercise better than adults.

Conclusion: During physical exercises, masks should be used with caution by healthy adults and children but should be avoided by elderly and ill patients.

Contribution: This review offers current evidence on tolerability of facemask during physical exercises.

Keywords

masks; during physical activity; prevention; SARS-CoV2; infection

Sustainable Development Goal

Goal 3: Good health and well-being

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