Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy Vol. 13(1), pp. 18 - 27
DOI: 10.13189/app.2025.130103
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Swapna Barhai *, Uddip Maity , Sufiyan , Ayan Sarkar
Department of Pharmacy Practice, East West College of Pharmacy, India

ABSTRACT

This study explores differential pain relief responses to opioids and non-opioids, aiming to establish optimal pain management strategies. The primary goal is to compare the effectiveness of non-opioid and opioid analgesics in managing orthopaedic pain. This prospective study involved 201 participants, spanning in-patient and out-patient settings, with prior and recent orthopaedic diagnoses, including those who underwent orthopaedic surgery. Unwilling, pregnant, or lactating individuals were ethically excluded. Baseline data, including names, ages, and genders, were systematically collected. To investigate pain management strategies, participants were randomly allocated to two groups: one receiving opioid analgesics (tramadol 50 mg or fentanyl 50-100 mcg) and the other non-opioid analgesics (acetaminophen 1 gm/diclofenac 50 mg/ibuprofen 400 mg). Pain scores were assessed using the Wong-Baker scale (1-10) before and after drug administration. Recovery rates, based on pain scores, were used to gauge the relative efficacy of the analgesics. Both groups showed significant pain reduction, with an overall recovery rate of 97.5%. Notably, opioid-treated patients demonstrated favorable recovery rates, while 2.5% of non-opioid patients did not fully recover. Adverse events were more frequent in the opioid group, all of which were manageable. This study suggests that opioid analgesics exhibit superior efficacy in pain management compared to non-opioid analgesics. This research study stands as a valuable asset for clinicians, providing evidence-based recommendations that find a harmonious balance between the robust pain relief provided by opioid analgesics and the appropriateness of non-opioid alternatives for milder cases.

KEYWORDS
Orthopedics, Pain Score, Non-opioids, Opioids, Adverse Drug Reactions

Cite This Paper in IEEE or APA Citation Styles
(a). IEEE Format:
[1] Swapna Barhai , Uddip Maity , Sufiyan , Ayan Sarkar , "Investigating the Comparative Effectiveness of Opioid and Non-opioid Analgesics in Orthopedic Patient Care: A Prospective Research Study," Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 18 - 27, 2025. DOI: 10.13189/app.2025.130103.

(b). APA Format:
Swapna Barhai , Uddip Maity , Sufiyan , Ayan Sarkar (2025). Investigating the Comparative Effectiveness of Opioid and Non-opioid Analgesics in Orthopedic Patient Care: A Prospective Research Study. Advances in Pharmacology and Pharmacy, 13(1), 18 - 27. DOI: 10.13189/app.2025.130103.