Lundberg IE (2021) Expert perspective: management of refractory inflammatory myopathy. Arthritis Rheumatol 73(8):1394–1407

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhao L, Wang Q, Zhou B, Zhang L, Zhu H (2021) The Role of Immune Cells in the Pathogenesis of Idiopathic Inflammatory Myopathies. Aging Dis 12(1):247–260

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Schwartz T, Diederichsen LP, Lundberg IE, Sjaastad I, Sanner H (2016) Cardiac involvement in adult and juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. RMD Open 2(2):e000291

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kors JA, Ritsema van Eck HJ, van Herpen G (2008) The meaning of the Tp-Te interval and its diagnostic value. J Electrocardiol 41(6):575–580

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Erikssen G, Liestøl K, Gullestad L, Haugaa KH, Bendz B, Amlie JP (2012) The terminal part of the QT interval (T peak to T end): a predictor of mortality after acute myocardial infarction. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 17(2): 85–94.

Antzelevitch C, Sicouri S, Di Diego JM, Burashnikov A, Viskin S, Shimizu W, Yan GX, Kowey P, Zhang L (2007) Does Tpeak-Tend provide an index of transmural dispersion of repolarization? Heart Rhythm 4(8):1114–1119

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Drew BJ, Ackerman MJ, Funk M., Gibler WB, Kligfield P, Menon V, Philippides GJ, Roden DM, Zareba W, American Heart Association Acute Cardiac Care Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Nursing, American College of Cardiology Foundation (2010) Prevention of torsade de pointes in hospital settings: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association and the American College of Cardiology Foundation. J Am Coll Cardiol 55(9): 934–947

Ye M, Zhang JW, Liu J, Zhang M, Yao FJ, Cheng YJ (2021) Association between dynamic change of QT interval and long-term cardiovascular outcomes: a prospective cohort study. Front Cardiovasc Med 8:756213

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tse G (2016) Novel conduction-repolarization indices for the stratification of arrhythmic risk. J Geriatr Cardiol JGC 13(9):811–812

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tse G, Yan BP (2017) Traditional and novel electrocardiographic conduction and repolarization markers of sudden cardiac death. Europace 19(5):712–721

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rider LG, Ruperto N, Pistorio A, Erman B, Bayat N, Lachenbruch PA, Rockette H, Feldman BM, Huber AM, Hansen P, Oddis CV, Lundberg IE, Amato AA, Chinoy H, Cooper RG, Chung L, Danko K, Fiorentino D, García-De la Torre I, Reed AM, Wook Song Y, Cimaz R, Cuttica RJ, Pilkington CA, Martini A, van der Net J, Maillard S, Miller FW, Vencovsky J, Aggarwal R, International Myositis Assessment and Clinical Studies Group and the Paediatric Rheumatology International Trials Organisation (2017) 2016 ACR-EULAR adult dermatomyositis and polymyositis and juvenile dermatomyositis response criteria-methodological aspects. Rheumatology (Oxford) 56(11): 1884–1893

El-Sherif N, Turitto G, Boutjdir M (2018) Acquired long QT syndrome and torsade de pointes. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol PACE 41(4):414–421

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khatib R, Sabir FRN, Omari C, Pepper C, Tayebjee MH (2021) Managing drug-induced QT prolongation in clinical practice. Postgrad Med J 97(1149):452–458

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Postema PG, Wilde AA (2014) The measurement of the QT interval. Curr Cardiol Rev 10(3):287–294

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Dalakas MC (2015) Inflammatory muscle diseases. N Engl J Med 372(18):1734–1747

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Naaraayan A, Meredith A, Nimkar A, Arora G, Bharati R, Acharya P (2021) Arrhythmia prevalence among patients with polymyositis-dermatomyositis in the United States: an observational study. Heart Rhythm 18(9):1516–1523

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Danieli MG, Gelardi C, Guerra F, Cardinaletti P, Pedini V, Gabrielli A (2016) Cardiac involvement in polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Autoimmun Rev 15(5):462–465

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhang L, Wang GC, Ma L, Zu N (2012) Cardiac involvement in adult polymyositis or dermatomyositis: a systematic review. Clin Cardiol 35(11):686–691

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Karaman K, Altunkaş F, Çetin M, Karayakali M, Arısoy A, Akar I, Zencir C, Aygüç B, Çelik A (2015) New markers for ventricular repolarization in coronary slow flow: Tp-e interval, Tp-e/QT ratio, and Tp-e/QTc ratio. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol 20(4):338–344

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Indraratna P, Tardo D, Delves M, Szirt R, Ng B (2020) Measurement and management of QT interval prolongation for general physicians. J Gen Intern Med 35(3):865–873

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gupta P, Patel C, Patel H, Narayanaswamy S, Malhotra B, Green JT, Yan GX (2008) T(p-e)/QT ratio as an index of arrhythmogenesis. J Electrocardiol 41(6):567–574

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mugnai G, Benfari G, Fede A, Rossi A, Chierchia GB, Vassanelli F, Menegatti G, Ribichini FL (2016) Tpeak-to-Tend/QT is an independent predictor of early ventricular arrhythmias and arrhythmic death in anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction patients. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care 5(6):473–480

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xianpei W, Sha W, Chuanyu G, Juanjuan Y, Chong C, Yongen S, Yu F, Zhenhao L (2017) Tpeak-Tend dispersion as a predictor for malignant arrhythmia events in patients with vasospastic angina. Int J Cardiol 249:61–65

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Acar GR, Akkoyun M, Nacar AB, Dirnak I, Yıldırım Çetin G, Nur Yıldırım M, Zencir C, Karaman K, Cetin M, Sayarlıoğlu M (2014) Evaluation of Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars 42(1):29–34

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lazzerini PE, Capecchi PL, Acampa M, Galeazzi M, Laghi-Pasini F (2014) Arrhythmic risk in rheumatoid arthritis: the driving role of systemic inflammation. Autoimmun Rev 13(9):936–944

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Soylu K, İnci S, Aksan G, Nar G, Yüksel EP, Ocal HS, Çapraz M, Yüksel S, Şahin M (2016) Evaluation of inhomogeneities of repolarization in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Arch Med Sci 12(6):1225–1231

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Acar G, Yorgun H, Inci MF, Akkoyun M, Bakan B, Nacar AB, Dirnak I, Cetin GY, Bozoglan (2014) Evaluation of Tp-e interval and Tp-e/QT ratio in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Mod Rheumatol 24(2):327–330

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Diederichsen LP, Simonsen JA, Diederichsen AC, Hvidsten S, Hougaard M, Junker P, Søndergaard K, Lundberg IE, Tvede N, Sandgaard NC, Christensen AF, Dreyer L, Kay S, Eskerud KS, Petersen H, Ejstrup L, Jacobsen S (2016) Cardiac abnormalities in adult patients with polymyositis or dermatomyositis as assessed by noninvasive modalities. Arthritis Care Res 68(7):1012–1020

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Cantez S, Gross GJ, MacLusky I, Feldman BM (2017) Cardiac findings in children with juvenile Dermatomyositis at disease presentation. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 15(1):54

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zahorec R (2021) Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, past, present and future perspectives. Bratisl Lek Listy 122(7):474–488

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pritzker KPH (2023) Blood-based biomarkers of chronic inflammation. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 23(6):495–504

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lazzerini PE, Abbate A, Boutjdir M, Capecchi PL (2023) Fir(e)ing the rhythm: inflammatory cytokines and cardiac arrhythmias. JACC Basic Transl Sci 8(6):728–750

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lazzerini PE, Capecchi PL, El-Sherif N, Laghi-Pasini F, Boutjdir M (2018) Emerging arrhythmic risk of autoimmune and inflammatory cardiac channelopathies. J Am Heart Assoc 7(22):e010595

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Adlan AM, Panoulas VF, Smith JP, Fisher JP, Kitas GD (2015) Association between corrected QT interval and inflammatory cytokines in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 42(3):421–428

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lazzerini PE, Acampa M, Laghi-Pasini F, Bertolozzi I, Finizola F, Vann F, Natale M, Bisogno S, Cevenini G, Cartocci A, Giabbani B, Migliacci N, D’Errico A, Dokollari A, Maccherini M, Boutjdir M, Capecchi PL (2020) Cardiac arrest risk during acute infections: systemic inflammation directly prolongs QTc interval via cytokine-mediated effects on potassium channel expression. Circ Arrhythm Electrophysiol 13(8):e008627

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Masoud S, Lim PB, Kitas GD, Panoulas