Glassman DM, Crow RM (1996) Standardization model for describing the extent of burn injury to human remains. J Forensic Sci 41(1):152–154. https://doi.org/10.1520/JFS13915J

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Pope E, Juarez CA, Galloway A (2022) Refined classification system for thermally damaged human remains by body segment. Forensic Anthropol 5(1):57–72. https://doi.org/10.5744/fa.2021.0008

Article  Google Scholar 

Kayser M, Branicki W, Parson W, Phillips C (2023) Recent advances in forensic DNA phenotyping of appearance, ancestry and age. Forensic Sci Int Genet 65:102870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2023.102870

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chaitanya L, Breslin K, Zuñiga S, Wirken L, Pośpiech E, Kukla-Bartoszek M, Sijen T, Knijff P, Liu F, Branicki W, Kayser M, Walsh S (2018) The HIrisPlex-S system for eye, hair and skin colour prediction from DNA: introduction and forensic developmental validation. Forensic Sci Int Genet 35:123–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.04.004

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bocklandt S, Lin W, Sehl ME, Sánchez FJ, Sinsheimer JS, Horvath S, Vilain E (2011) Epigenetic predictor of age. PLoS ONE 6(6):e14821. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0014821

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zbieć-Piekarska R, Spólnicka M, Kupiec T, Parys-Proszek A, Makowska Ż, Pałeczka A, Kucharczyk K, Płoski R, Branicki W (2015) Development of a forensically useful age prediction method based on DNA methylation analysis. Forensic Sci Int Genet 17:173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2015.05.001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cho S, Jung SE, Hong SR, Lee EH, Lee JH, Lee SD, Lee HY (2017) Independent validation of DNA-based approaches for age prediction in blood. Forensic Sci Int Genet 29:250–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.04.020

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Heidegger A, Xavier C, Niederstätter H, de la Puente M, Pośpiech E, Pisarek A, Kayser M, Branicki W, Parson W, VISAGE Consortium (2020) Development and optimization of the VISAGE basic prototype tool for forensic age estimation. Forensic Sci Int Genet 48:102322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2020.102322

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Freire-Aradas A, Girón-Santamaría L, Mosquera-Miguel A, Ambroa-Conde A, Phillips C, Casares de Cal M, Gómez-Tato A, Álvarez-Dios J, Pospiech E, Aliferi A, Syndercombe Court D, Branicki W, Lareu MV (2022) A common epigenetic clock from childhood to old age. Forensic Sci Int Genet 60:102743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102743

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mawlood SK, Dennany L, Watson N, Pickard BS (2016) The EpiTect Methyl qPCR Assay as novel age estimation method in forensic biology. Forensic Sci Int 264:132–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.047

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Freire-Aradas A, Pośpiech E, Aliferi A, Girón-Santamaría L, Mosquera-Miguel A, Pisarek A, Ambroa-Conde A, Phillips C, Casares de Cal MA, Gómez-Tato A, Spólnicka M, Woźniak A, Álvarez-Dios J, Ballard D, Court DS, Branicki W, Carracedo Á, Lareu MV (2020) A comparison of forensic age prediction models using data from four DNA methylation technologies. Front Genet 11:932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.00932

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Manco L, Dias HC (2022) DNA methylation analysis of ELOVL2 gene using droplet digital PCR for age estimation purposes. Forensic Sci Int 333:111206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111206

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aliferi A, Ballard D, Gallidabino MD, Thurtle H, Barron L, Syndercombe Court D (2018) DNA methylation-based age prediction using massively parallel sequencing data and multiple machine learning models. Forensic Sci Int Genet 37:215–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.09.003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Smeers I, Decorte R, Van de Voorde W, Bekaert B (2018) Evaluation of three statistical prediction models for forensic age prediction based on DNA methylation. Forensic Sci Int Genet 34:128–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.02.008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Correia Dias H, Cunha E, Corte Real F, Manco L (2020) Age prediction in living: forensic epigenetic age estimation based on blood samples. Leg Med (Tokyo) 47:101763. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101763

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lau PY, Fung WK (2020) Evaluation of marker selection methods and statistical models for chronological age prediction based on DNA methylation. Leg Med 47:101744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2020.101744

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jung SE, Lim SM, Hong SR, Lee EH, Shin KJ, Lee HY (2019) DNA methylation of the ELOVL2, FHL2, KLF14, C1orf132/MIR29B2C, and TRIM59 genes for Age Prediction from Blood, Saliva, and Buccal Swab Samples. Forensic Sci Int Genet 38:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsigen.2018.09.010

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bekaert B, Kamalandua A, Zapico SC, Van de Voorde W, Decorte R (2015) Improved age determination of blood and teeth samples using a selected set of DNA methylation markers. Epigenetics 10(10):922–930. https://doi.org/10.1080/15592294.2015.1080413

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hamano Y, Manabe S, Morimoto C, Fujimoto S, Ozeki M, Tamaki K (2016) Forensic age prediction for dead or living samples by use of methylation-sensitive high resolution melting. Leg Med (Tokyo) 21:5–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2016.05.001

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Correia Dias H, Cordeiro C, Pereira J, Pinto C, Real FC, Cunha E, Manco L (2020) DNA methylation age estimation in blood samples of living and deceased individuals using a multiplex SNaPshot assay. Forensic Sci Int 311:110267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110267

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Anaya Y, Yew P, Roberts KA, Reef Hardy W (2021) DNA methylation of decedent blood samples to estimate the chronological age of human remains. Int J Legal Med 135:2163–2173. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00414-021-02650-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Guan X, Ohuchi T, Hashiyada M, Funayama M (2021) Age-related DNA methylation analysis for forensic age estimation using post-mortem blood samples from Japanese individuals. Leg Med (Tokyo) 53:101917. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.legalmed.2021.101917

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Onofri M, Delicati A, Marcante B, Carlini L, Alessandrini F, Tozzo P, Carnevali E (2023) Forensic age estimation through a DNA methylation-based Age Prediction Model in the Italian Population: a pilot study. Int J Mol Sci 24(6):5381. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24065381

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patil I (2021) Visualizations with statistical details: the ‘ggstatsplot’ approach. J Open Source Softw 6(61):3167. https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.03167

Article  Google Scholar 

Ritz-Timme S, Cattaneo C, Collins MJ, Waite ER, Schütz HW, Kaatsch HJ, Borrman HI (2000) Age estimation: the state of the art in relation to the specific demands of forensic practise. Int J Legal Med 113(3):129–136. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004140050283

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cunha E, Baccino E, Martrille L, Ramsthaler F, Prieto J, Schuliar Y, Lynnerup N, Cattaneo C (2009) The problem of aging human remains and living individuals: a review. Forensic Sci Int 193(1–3):1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2009.09.008

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rodrigues CO, Matos VMJ, Ferreira MT, Gonçalves D (2022) Time burnt away: the impact of heat-induced changes on skeletal age-at-death diagnostic features. Sci Justice 62(5):477–483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scijus.2022.07.005

Article  PubMed