From the Departments of ∗Nuclear Medicine

†Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery

‡Radiology

§Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China.

Received for publication December 17, 2023; revision accepted March 31, 2024.

Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest. We gratefully acknowledge the financial supports by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 82172712), the “234 Discipline Climbing Plan” of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (grant no. 2019YXK033, 2019YPT002, and 2020YPT002), and Guhai Plan in the 14th Five-Year Plan Period of Changhai Hospital (grant no. GH145-22).

Ethics approval: This article does not contain any studies with animals. All procedures of this study followed the Declaration of Helsinki principles. This prospective study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Changhai Hospital, CHEC2021-071).

Consent to participate: All subjects provided written informed consent.

Consent for publication: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in this study.

Authors’ contributions: Z.Z., S.G., C.C., G.J., and C.Z. designed the study, interpreted the data, and led the writing and review of the manuscript. Z.Z., S.G., K.C., and H.J. collected clinical and imaging data. S.G., C.C., G.J., and C.Z. participated in the review of the manuscript.

Correspondence to: Gang Jin, MD, Department of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Yang Pu District, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: [email protected]; Changjing Zuo, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Changhai Hospital, Naval Medical University, 168 Changhai Rd, Yang Pu District, Shanghai 200433, China. E-mail: [email protected].

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