Bakris GL, Weber MA. Overview of the evolution of hypertension: from ancient Chinese emperors to today. Hypertension. 2024;81:717–26.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Murray CJL, Aravkin AY, Zheng P, Abbafati C, Abbas KM, Abbasi-Kangevari M, et al. Global burden of 87 risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet. 2020;396:1223–49.

Article  Google Scholar 

Manosroi W, Williams GH. Genetics of human primary hypertension: focus on hormonal mechanisms. Endocr Rev. 2019;40:825–56.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Samadian F, Dalili N, Jamalian A. Lifestyle modifications to prevent and control hypertension. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2016;10:237–63.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Whelton PK, Carey RM. The 2017 clinical practice guideline for high blood pressure. JAMA. 2017;318:2073–4.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lamirault G, Artifoni M, Daniel M, Barber-Chamoux N. Nantes University Hospital Working Group On Hypertension. Resistant hypertension: novel insights. Curr Hypertens Rev. 2020;16:61–72.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Achelrod D, Wenzel U, Frey S. Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of resistant hypertension in treated hypertensive populations. Am J Hypertens. 2015;28:355–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Oparil S, Schmieder RE. New approaches in the treatment of hypertension. Circ Res. 2015;116:1074–95.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choudhry NK, Kronish IM, Vongpatanasin W, Ferdinand KC, Pavlik VN, Egan BM, Schoenthaler A, Houston Miller N, Hyman DJ, American Heart Association Council on Hypertension; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology. Medication adherence and blood pressure control: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association. Hypertens Dallas Tex. 1979;2022(79):e1-14.

Google Scholar 

Ferdinand KC, Harrison D, Johnson A. The NEW-HOPE study and emerging therapies for difficult-to-control and resistant hypertension. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2020;63:64–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Rey-García J, Townsend RR. Renal denervation: a review. Am J Kidney Dis. 2022;80:527–35.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Azizi M, Schmieder RE, Mahfoud F, Weber MA, Daemen J, Davies J, Basile J, Kirtane AJ, Wang Y, Lobo MD, Saxena M, Feyz L, Rader F, Lurz P, Sayer J, Sapoval M, Levy T, Sanghvi K, Abraham J, Sharp ASP, Fisher NDL, Bloch MJ, Reeve-Stoffer H, Coleman L, Mullin C, Mauri L, RADIANCE-HTN Investigators. Endovascular ultrasound renal denervation to treat hypertension (RADIANCE-HTN SOLO): a multicentre, international, single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2018;391:2335–45.

Article  Google Scholar 

Fengler K, Rommel KP, Blazek S, Besler C, Hartung P, von Roeder M, Petzold M, Winkler S, Höllriegel R, Desch S, Thiele H, Lurz P. A three-arm randomized trial of different renal denervation devices and techniques in patients with resistant hypertension (RADIOSOUND-HTN). Circulation. 2019;139:590–600.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schmieder RE, Ott C, Toennes SW, Bramlage P, Gertner M, Dawood O, Baumgart P, O’Brien B, Dasgupta I, Nickenig G, Ormiston J, Saxena M, Sharp ASP, Sievert H, Spinar J, Starek Z, Weil J, Wenzel U, Witkowski A, Lobo MD. Phase II randomized sham-controlled study of renal denervation for individuals with uncontrolled hypertension—WAVE IV. J Hypertens. 2018;36:680–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Weber MA, Kirtane AJ, Weir MR, Radhakrishnan J, Das T, Berk M, Mendelsohn F, Bouchard A, Larrain G, Haase M, Diaz-Cartelle J, Leon MB. The REDUCE HTN: REINFORCE: randomized, sham-controlled trial of bipolar radiofrequency renal denervation for the treatment of hypertension. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2020;13:461–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yang X, Liu H, Chen S, Dong P, Zhao D. Intravascular renal denervation reduces ambulatory and office blood pressure in patients with essential hypertension: a meta-analysis of randomized sham-controlled trials. Kidney Blood Press Res. 2022;47:363–74.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, Shamseer L, Tetzlaff JM, Akl EA, Brennan SE, Chou R, Glanville J, Grimshaw JM, Hróbjartsson A, Lalu MM, Li T, Loder EW, Mayo-Wilson E, McDonald S, McGuinness LA, Stewart LA, Thomas J, Tricco AC, Welch VA, Whiting P, Moher D. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372: n71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ouzzani M, Hammady H, Fedorowicz Z, Elmagarmid A. Rayyan—a web and mobile app for systematic reviews. Syst Rev. 2016;5:210.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mathiassen ON, Vase H, Bech JN, Christensen KL, Buus NH, Schroeder AP, Lederballe O, Rickers H, Kampmann U, Poulsen PL, Hansen KW, Btker HE, Peters CD, Engholm M, Bertelsen JB, Lassen JF, Langfeldt S, Andersen G, Pedersen EB, Kaltoft A. Renal denervation in treatment-resistant essential hypertension. A randomized, SHAM-controlled, double-blinded 24-h blood pressure-based trial. J Hypertens. 2016;34:1639–47.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Sterne JAC, Savović J, Page MJ, Elbers RG, Blencowe NS, Boutron I, Cates CJ, Cheng HY, Corbett MS, Eldridge SM, Emberson JR, Hernán MA, Hopewell S, Hróbjartsson A, Junqueira DR, Jüni P, Kirkham JJ, Lasserson T, Li T, McAleenan A, Reeves BC, Shepperd S, Shrier I, Stewart LA, Tilling K, White IR, Whiting PF, Higgins JPT. RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ. 2019;366: l4898.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, Higgins JP, Sterne JA. Assessing risk of bias due to missing results in a synthesis. In: Higgins JPT, Thomas J, Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, et al., editors. Cochrane Handb Syst Rev Interv [Internet]. 1st ed. Wiley; 2019 [cited 2024 Apr 17]. p. 349–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119536604.ch13.

Egger M, Davey Smith G, Schneider M, Minder C. Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. BMJ. 1997;315:629–34.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Higgins JPT, Thompson SG, Deeks JJ, Altman DG. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ. 2003;327:557–60.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Symplicity HTN-2 Investigators, Esler MD, Krum H, Sobotka PA, Schlaich MP, Schmieder RE, Böhm M. Renal sympathetic denervation in patients with treatment-resistant hypertension (The Symplicity HTN-2 Trial): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2010;376:1903–9.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bergland OU, Søraas CL, Larstorp ACK, Halvorsen LV, Hjørnholm U, Hoffman P, Høieggen A, Fadl Elmula FEM. The randomised Oslo study of renal denervation vs. Antihypertensive drug adjustments: efficacy and safety through 7 years of follow-up. Blood Press. 2021;30:41–50.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bhatt DL, Vaduganathan M, Kandzari DE, Leon MB, Rocha-Singh K, Townsend RR, Katzen BT, Oparil S, Brar S, DeBruin V, Fahy M, Bakris GL, SYMPLICITY HTN-3 Steering Committee Investigators. Long-term outcomes after catheter-based renal artery denervation for resistant hypertension: final follow-up of the randomised SYMPLICITY HTN-3 Trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2022;400:1405–16.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rosa J, Widimský P, Waldauf P, Zelinka T, Petrák O, Táborský M, Branny M, Toušek P, Čurila K, Lambert L, Bednář F, Holaj R, Štrauch B, Václavík J, Kociánová E, Nykl I, Jiravský O, Rappová G, Indra T, Krátká Z, Widimský J Jr. Renal denervation in comparison with intensified pharmacotherapy in true resistant hypertension: 2-year outcomes of randomized PRAGUE-15 study. J Hypertens. 2017;35:1093–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Azizi M, Sapoval M, Gosse P, Monge M, Bobrie G, Delsart P, Midulla M, Mounier-Véhier C, Courand PY, Lantelme P, Denolle T, Dourmap-Collas C, Trillaud H, Pereira H, Plouin PF, Chatellier G, Renal Denervation for Hypertension (DENERHTN) investigators. Optimum and stepped care standardised antihypertensive treatment with or without renal denervation for resistant hypertension (DENERHTN): a multicentre, open-label, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2015;385:1957–65.

Article  Google Scholar 

Mahfoud F, Kandzari DE, Kario K, Townsend RR, Weber MA, Schmieder RE, Tsioufis K, Pocock S, Dimitriadis K, Choi JW, East C, D’Souza R, Sharp ASP, Ewen S, Walton A, Hopper I, Brar S, McKenna P, Fahy M, Böhm M. Long-term efficacy and safety of renal denervation in the presence of antihypertensive drugs (SPYRAL HTN-ON MED): a randomised, sham-controlled trial. Lancet Lond Engl. 2022;399:1401–10.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Desch S, Okon T, Heinemann D, Kulle K, Röhnert K, Sonnabend M, Petzold M, Müller U, Schuler G, Eitel I, Thiele H, Lurz P. Randomized sham-controlled trial of renal sympathetic denervation in mild resistant hypertension. Hypertension. 2015;65:1202–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Warchol-Celinska E, Prejbisz A, Kadziela J, Florczak E, Januszewicz M, Michalowska I, Dobrowolski P, Kabat M, Sliwinski P, Klisiewicz A, Topor-Madry R, Narkiewicz K, Somers VK, Sobotka PA, Witkowski A, Januszewicz A. Renal denervation in resistant hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea: randomized proof-of-concept phase II trial. Hypertens Dallas Tex. 1979;2018(72):381–90.

Google Scholar 

Kario K, Ogawa H, Okumura K, Okura T, Saito S, Ueno T, Haskin R, Negoita M, Shimada K, SYMPLICITY HTN-Japan Investigators. SYMPLICITY HTN-Japan—first randomized controlled trial of catheter-based renal denervation in Asian Patients. Circ J Off J Jpn Circ Soc. 2015;79:1222–9.