Sasdelli AS, Agostini F, Pazzeschi C, Guidetti M, Lal S, Pironi L. Assessment of intestinal failure associated liver disease according to different diagnostic criteria. Clin Nutr. 2019;38:1198–205.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lal S, Pironi L, Wanten G, Arends J, Bozzetti F, Cuerda C, et al. Clinical approach to the management of intestinal failure associated liver disease (IFALD) in adults: a position paper from the home artificial nutrition and chronic intestinal failure special interest group of ESPEN. Clin Nutr. 2018;37:1794–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khalaf RT, Sokol RJ. New insights into intestinal failure-associated liver disease in children. Hepatology. 2020;71:1486–98.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Craig RM, Neumann T, Jeejeebhoy KN, Yokoo H. Severe hepatocellular reaction resembling alcoholic hepatitis with cirrhosis after massive small bowel resection and prolonged total parenteral nutrition. Gastroenterology. 1980;79:131–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wang J, Micic D. Hepatobiliary manifestations of short bowel syndrome and intestinal failure-associated liver disease. Clin Liver Dis. 2021;17:297.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Lee WS, Chew KS, Ng RT, Kasmi KE, Sokol RJ. Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD): insights into pathogenesis and advances in management. Hepatol Int. 2020;14:305–16.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mundi MS, Salonen BR, Bonnes S. Home parenteral nutrition: fat emulsions and potential complications. Nutr Clin Pract. 2016;31:629–41.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Strijbosch RA, Lee S, Arsenault DA, Andersson C, Gura KM, Bistrian BR, et al. Fish oil prevents essential fatty acid deficiency and enhances growth: clinical and biochemical implications. Metabolism. 2008;57:698–707.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Clayton PT, Whitfield P, Iyer K. The role of phytosterols in the pathogenesis of liver complications of pediatric parenteral nutrition. Nutrition. 1998;14:158–64.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Waitzberg DL, Torrinhas RS. Fish oil lipid emulsions and immune response: what clinicians need to know. Nutr Clin Pract. 2009;24:487–99.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nandivada P, Fell GL, Gura KM, Puder M. Lipid emulsions in the treatment and prevention of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in infants and children. Am J Clin Nutr. 2016;103:629S–34S.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shulman RJ. New developments in total parenteral nutrition for children. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2000;2:253–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Antebi H, Mansoor O, Ferrier C, Tetegan M, Morvan C, Rangaraj J, et al. Liver function and plasma antioxidant status in intensive care unit patients requiring total parenteral nutrition: comparison of 2 fat emulsions. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2004;28:142–8.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Tsekos E, Reuter C, Stehle P, Boeden G. Perioperative administration of parenteral fish oil supplements in a routine clinical setting improves patient outcome after major abdominal surgery. Clin Nutr. 2004;23:325–30.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gura KM, Premkumar MH, Calkins KL, Puder M. Fish oil emulsion reduces liver injury and liver transplantation in children with intestinal failure-associated liver disease: a multicenter integrated study. J Pediatr. 2021;230:46–54. e2

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Badia-Tahull MB, Leiva-Badosa E, Jodar-Masanes R, Ramon-Torrell JM, Llop-Talaveron J. The relationship between the parenteral dose of fish oil supplementation and the variation of liver function tests in hospitalized adult patients. Nutr J. 2015;14:1–9.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Jurewitsch B, Gardiner G, Naccarato M, Jeejeebhoy KN. Omega‐3-enriched lipid emulsion for liver salvage in parenteral nutrition-induced cholestasis in the adult patient. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2011;35:386–90.

Article  Google Scholar 

Park HJ, Lee S, Park CM, Yoo K, Seo JM. Reversal of intestinal failure-associated liver disease by increasing fish oil in a multi‐oil intravenous lipid emulsion in adult short bowel-syndrome patients. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2021;45:204–7.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Mundi MS, Bonnes SL, Salonen BR, McMahon MM, Martindale R, Hurt RT. Clinical application of fish‐oil intravenous lipid emulsion in adult home parenteral nutrition patients. Nutr Clin Pract. 2021;36:839–52.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burns DL, Gill BM. Reversal of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease with a fish oil-based lipid emulsion (Omegaven) in an adult dependent on home parenteral nutrition. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2013;37:274–80.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gramlich L, Meddings L, Alberda C, Wichansawakun S, Robbins S, Driscoll D, et al. Essential fatty acid deficiency in 2015: the impact of novel intravenous lipid emulsions. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2015;39:61S–6S.

Article  Google Scholar 

Gramlich L, Ireton‐Jones C, Miles JM, Morrison M, Pontes‐Arruda A. Essential fatty acid requirements and intravenous lipid emulsions. J Parenter Enter Nutr. 2019;43:697–707.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Kopczynska M, Hvas CL, Jepsen P, Teubner A, Abraham A, Burden ST, et al. Standardised survival and excess Life Years Lost in patients with type 3 intestinal failure. Clin Nutr. 2022;41:2446–54.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Venecourt-Jackson E, Hill SJ, Walmsley RS. Successful treatment of parenteral nutrition-associated liver disease in an adult by use of a fish oil-based lipid source. Nutrition. 2013;29:356–8.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar