Selvan H, Gupta S, Wiggs JL et al (2022) Juvenile-onset open-angle glaucoma - A clinical and genetic update. Surv Ophthalmol 67(4):1099–1117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2021.09.001

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yanoff M, Duker JS (2009) Ophthalmology. Third Edition. Mosby: St. Louis.p 12

Ciociola EC, Klifto MR (2022) Juvenile open angle glaucoma: current diagnosis and management. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 1;33(2):97–102. doi: https://doi.org/10.1097/ICU.0000000000000813.

Jafer Chardoub AA, Blair K (2022) Juvenile Glaucoma. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing

Gupta V, Srivastava RM, Rao A et al (2013) Clinical correlates to the goniodysgensis among juvenile-onset primary open-angle glaucoma patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 251(6):1571–1576. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-013-2262-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Melamed S, Blum Meirovitch S, Leshno A (2022) Juvenile Open-Angle Glaucoma. In: AlbertDM, Miller JW, Azar DT et al(eds) Albert and Jakobiec's Principles and Practice of Ophthalmology. Springer, Cham https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42634-7_187

Pathania D, Senthil S, Rao HL et al (2014) Outcomes of trabeculectomy in juvenile open angle glaucoma. Indian J Ophthalmol 62(2):224–228. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.101074

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Qiao Y, Tan C, Chen X, et al (2021) Gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy versus goniotomy with Kahook dual blade in patients with uncontrolled juvenile open-angle glaucoma: a retrospective study. BMC Ophthalmol 16;21(1):395. doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-021-02159-z

Yeung HH, Walton DS (2010) Goniotomy for juvenile open-angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma 19(1):1–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0b013e3181a2fa31

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Allingham RR, Damji KF, Freedman S, et al (2011) Shields Textbook of Glaucoma. Sixth Edition. Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; New DehliP 59–720

Jonas JB (2014) Glaucoma and choroidal thickness. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 9(2):151–153

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang W, Zhang X (2014) Choroidal thickness and primary open-angle glaucoma: a cross-sectional study and meta-analysis. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 28;55(9):6007–14. doi: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.14-14996

Plange N, Kaup M, Weber A et al (2004) Fluorescein Filling Defects and Quantitative Morphologic Analysis ofthe Optic Nerve Head in Glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 122(2):195–201. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.122.2.195

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Spaeth G (1975) Fluorescein angiography: its contributions towards understanding themechanisms of visual field loss in glaucoma. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 73491- 553

Schwartz B (1994) Circulatory defects of the optic disc and retina in ocular hypertensionand high pressure open-angle glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 38supplS23- S34

Nadeem S (2023) Macular choroidal thickness and correlations in a healthy pediatric South Asian cohort: A spectral domain optical coherence tomography study. J Biophotonics 16(7):e202300039. https://doi.org/10.1002/jbio.202300039

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Goharian I, Sehi M (2016) Is There Any Role for the Choroid in Glaucoma? J Glaucoma 25(5):452–458. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000166

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lejoyeux R, Benillouche J, Ong J et al (2022) Choriocapillaris: Fundamentals and advancements. Prog Retin Eye Res 87:100997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100997

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Forrester JV, Dick AD, Paul G, et al (2016) Chapter 4 - Biochemistry and cell biology. In: The Eye. (Fourth Edition) Saunders, Philadelphia, PA, pp 157–268 https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-7020-5554-6.00004-6

Ju WK, Perkins GA, Kim KY et al (2023) Glaucomatous optic neuropathy: Mitochondrial dynamics, dysfunction and protection in retinal ganglion cells. Prog Retin Eye Res 95:101136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2022.101136

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schuster AK, Erb C, Hoffmann EM, et al (2020) The Diagnosis and Treatment of Glaucoma. Dtsch Arztebl Int 27;117(13):225–234. doi: https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.2020.0225.

Wallman J, Wildsoet C, Xu A et al (1995) Moving the retina: choroidal modulation of refractive state. Vision Res 35(1):37–50. https://doi.org/10.1016/0042-6989(94)e0049-q

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lam K, Lawlor M (2021) Anatomy of the Aqueous Outflow Drainage Pathways. In: Sng CCA, Barton K (eds) Minimally Invasive Glaucoma Surgery. Springer, Singapore, pp 11– 19 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5632-6_2

Spraul CW, Lang GE, Lang GK et al (2003) Morphometric changes of the choriocapillaris and the choroidal vasculature in eyes with advanced glaucomatous changes. Vision Res 42:923–932

Article  Google Scholar 

Yin ZQ, Vaegan MTJ et al (1997) Widespread choroidal insufficiency in primary open-angle glaucoma. J Glaucoma 6(1):23–32

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Duijm HF, van den Berg TJ, Greve EL (1997) Choroidal haemodynamics in glaucoma. Br J Ophthalmol 81:735–742

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Spraul CW, Lang GE, Lang GK et al (2002) Morphometric changes of the choriocapillaris and the choroidal vasculature in eyes with advanced glaucomatous changes. Vision Res 42(7):923–932. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00022-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Marangoni D, Falsini B, Colotto A et al (2012) Subfoveal choroidal blood flow and central retinal function in early glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 90(4):e288–e294. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2011.02340.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jonas JB, Steinmetz P, Forster TM et al (2015) Choroidal Thickness in Open-angle Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 24(8):619–623. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000063

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Samra WA, Pournaras C, Riva C et al (2013) Choroidal hemodynamic in myopic patients with and without primary open-angle glaucoma. Acta Ophthalmol 91(4):371–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-3768.2012.02386.x

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Abegão Pinto L, Willekens K, Van Keer K et al (2016) Ocular blood flow in glaucoma - the Leuven Eye Study. Acta Ophthalmol 94(6):592–598. https://doi.org/10.1111/aos.12962

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Findl O, Rainer G, Dallinger S et al (2000) Assessment of optic disk blood flow in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Am J Ophthalmol 130(5):589–596. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00636-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bayraktar S, İpek A, Takmaz T et al (2022) Ocular blood flow and choroidal thickness in ocular hypertension. Int Ophthalmol 42(5):1357–1368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10792-021-02123-2

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen X, Wang X, Hu X et al (2020) The evaluation of juvenile ocular hypertension by optical coherence tomography angiography. BMC Ophthalmol 20:423. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-020-01641-4

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Abou Shousha MA, Nabil KM (2017) Comparison between choroidal thickness in normal and glaucomatous eyes using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography. Delta J Ophthalmol 18:104–107

Article  Google Scholar 

Zhang Z, Yu M, Wang F et al (2016) Choroidal Thickness and Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review. J Glaucoma 25(5):e446–e454. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000275

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Verticchio Vercellin A, Harris A, Stoner AM, et al (2022) Choroidal Thickness and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma-A Narrative Review. J Clin Med 23;11(5):1209. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11051209

Maul EA, Friedman DS, Chang DS et al (2011) Choroidal thickness measured by spectral domain optical coherence tomography: factors affecting thickness in glaucoma patients. Ophthalmology 118(8):1571–1579. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2011.01.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li F, Huo Y, Ma L et al (2021) Clinical Analysis of Macular Choroidal Thickness in Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma and Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Ophthalmol 16(2021):3897952. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/3897952

Article  Google Scholar 

Hosseini H, Nilforushan N, Moghimi S et al (2014) Peripapillary and macular choroidal thickness in glaucoma. J Ophthalmic Vis Res 9(2):154–161

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang YX, Xu L, Shao L, et al (2014) Subfoveal choroidal thickness and glaucoma. The Beijing Eye Study 2011. PLoS One 11;9(9):e107321. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0107321

Ehrlich JR, Peterson J, Parlitsis G et al (2011) Peripapillary choroidal thickness in glaucoma measured with optical coherence tomography. Exp Eye Res 92(3):189–194. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exer.2011.01.002

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mwanza JC, Hochberg JT, Banitt MR, et al (2011) Lack of association between glaucoma and macular choroidal thickness measured with enhanced depth-imaging optical coherence tomography. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 18;52(6):3430–5. doi: https://doi.org/10.1167/iovs.10-6600

Kutluksaman B, Yavas GF, Inan S, et al (2019) Choroidal Thickness and its Correlations with Ocular Parameters in Primary Open-angle Glaucoma. Beyoglu Eye J 25;4(3):179–189. doi: https://doi.org/10.14744/bej.2019.86570

Sacconi R, Deotto N, Merz T et al (2017) SD-OCT Choroidal Thickness in Advanced Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Glaucoma 26(6):523–527. https://doi.org/10.1097/IJG.0000000000000661

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cennamo G, Finelli M, Iaccarino G et al (2012) Choroidal thickness in open-angle glaucoma measured by spectral-domain scanning laser ophthalmoscopy/optical coherence tomography. Ophthalmologica 228(1):47–52. https://doi.org/10.1159/000336903

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Roberts KF, Artes PH, O’Leary N et al (2012) Peripapillary choroidal thickness in healthy controls and patients with focal, diffuse, and sclerotic glaucomatous optic disc damage. Arch Ophthalmol 130(8):980–986. https://doi.org/10.1001/archophthalmol.2012.371

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nakakura S, Yamamoto M, Terao E, et al (2014) The whole macular choroidal thickness in subjects with primary open angle glaucoma. PLoS One 28;9(10):e110265. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0110265.

Lin Z, Huang S, Huang P, et al (2017) The diagnostic use of choroidal thickness analysis and its correlation with visual field indices in glaucoma using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. PLoS One 13;12(12):e0189376. doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0189376.

Li F, Huo Y, Ma L et al (2021) Correlation Analysis between Macular Choroidal Thickness and Visual Field Mean Defect in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma. J Ophthalmol 9(2021):5574950. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5574950

Article  Google Scholar