Jung Eun Lee, PhD, RN, is Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, Kingston.

Huong Q. Nguyen, PhD, RN, is Senior Investigator, Department of Research and Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena.

Vincent S. Fan, MPH, MD, is Staff Physician and Investigator, Health Services Research and Development, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, Washington, and Associate Professor, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle.

Accepted for publication August 17, 2023.

Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number R01HL093146-01A2. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The authors thank the participants who participated in the original study.

The authors have no conflicts of interest to report.

Ethical Conduct of Research: The original study was approved by the respective institutional review boards at three clinical sites in the United States: the Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System (Approval Number 00240); the University of Washington, Seattle (Approval Number 37332); and the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio/South Texas Veterans Health Care System (Approval Number HSC20100373H). The present secondary analysis has also received approval from the institutional review board at the University of Rhode Island (Approval Number 2089966).

Corresponding author: Jung Eun Lee, PhD, RN, College of Nursing, University of Rhode Island, 39 Butterfield Rd., Kingston, RI 02881 (e-mail: [email protected]).