Zhang Y, Geng X, Tan Y, Li Q, Xu C, Xu J, et al. New understanding of the damage of SARS-CoV-2 infection outside the respiratory system. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;127:110195.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu S, Chan T-C, Chu Y-T, Wu JT-S, Geng X, Zhao N, et al. Comparative epidemiology of human infections with Middle East respiratory syndrome and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses among healthcare personnel. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(3):e0149988.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
She J, Jiang J, Ye L, Hu L, Bai C, Song Y. 2019 novel coronavirus of pneumonia in Wuhan, China: emerging attack and management strategies. Clin Transl Med. 2020;9(1):1–7.
Eftekhari M, Enayati A, Doustimotlagh AH, Farzaei MH, Yosifova AI. Natural products in combination therapy for COVID-19: QT prolongation and urgent guidance. Nat Prod Commun. 2021;16(9):1934578X211032471.
Wang T, Du Z, Zhu F, Cao Z, An Y, Gao Y, et al. Comorbidities and multi-organ injuries in the treatment of COVID-19. Lancet. 2020;395(10228):e52.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Suhail S, Zajac J, Fossum C, Lowater H, McCracken C, Severson N, et al. Role of oxidative stress on SARS-CoV (SARS) and SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection: a review. Protein J. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10930-020-09935-8.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Alamdari DH, Moghaddam AB, Amini S, Keramati MR, Zarmehri AM, Alamdari AH, et al. Application of methylene blue-vitamin C-N-acetyl cysteine for treatment of critically ill COVID-19 patients, report of a phase-I clinical trial. Eur J Pharmacol. 2020;885:173494.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Poljsak B, Šuput D, Milisav I. Achieving the balance between ROS and antioxidants: when to use the synthetic antioxidants. Oxid Med Cell longev. 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/956792.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Moussa Z, Judeh ZM, Ahmed SA. Nonenzymatic exogenous and endogenous antioxidants. Free Radic Med Biol. 2019. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.87778.
Khan MA, Tania M, Zhang D-Z, Chen H-C. Antioxidant enzymes and cancer. Chin J Cancer Res. 2010;22(2):87–92.
Birben E, Sahiner UM, Sackesen C, Erzurum S, Kalayci O. Oxidative stress and antioxidant defense. World Allergy Organ J. 2012;5(1):9–19.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Bayr H. Reactive oxygen species. Crit Care Med. 2005;33(12):S498–501.
Gaschler MM, Stockwell BR. Lipid peroxidation in cell death. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2017;482(3):419–25.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Devasagayam T, Tilak J, Boloor K, Sane KS, Ghaskadbi SS, Lele R. Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. Japi. 2004;52(794804):4.
Ahmad S, Khan H, Shahab U, Rehman S, Rafi Z, Khan MY, et al. Protein oxidation: an overview of metabolism of sulphur containing amino acid, cysteine. Front Biosci (Schol Ed). 2017;9:71–87.
Delgado-Roche L, Mesta F. Oxidative stress as key player in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Arch Med Res. 2020;51(5):384–7.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Silvagno F, Vernone A, Pescarmona GP. The role of glutathione in protecting against the severe inflammatory response triggered by COVID-19. Antioxidants. 2020;9(7):624.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dragomanova S, Miteva S, Nicoletti F, Mangano K, Fagone P, Pricoco S, et al. Therapeutic potential of alpha-lipoic acid in viral infections, including COVID-19. Antioxidants. 2021;10(8):1294.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wong KK, Lee SWH, Kua KP. N-Acetylcysteine as adjuvant therapy for COVID-19–a perspective on the current state of the evidence. J Inflamm Res. 2021;14:2993.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Ricci A, Pagliuca A, D’Ascanio M, Innammorato M, De Vitis C, Mancini R, et al. Circulating Vitamin D levels status and clinical prognostic indices in COVID-19 patients. Respir Res. 2021;22(1):1–8.
Hiedra R, Lo KB, Elbashabsheh M, Gul F, Wright RM, Albano J, et al. The use of IV vitamin C for patients with COVID-19: a case series. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther. 2020;18(12):1259–61.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Tavakol S, Seifalian AM. Vitamin E at a high dose as an anti-ferroptosis drug and not just a supplement for COVID-19 treatment. Biotechnol Appl Biochem. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1002/bab.2176.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Raines NH, Ganatra S, Nissaisorakarn P, Pandit A, Morales A, Asnani A, et al. Niacinamide may be associated with improved outcomes in COVID-19-related acute kidney injury: an observational study. Kidney360. 2021;2(1):33–41.
Tan CW, Ho LP, Kalimuddin S, Cherng BPZ, Teh YE, Thien SY, et al. Cohort study to evaluate effect of vitamin D, magnesium, and vitamin B12 in combination on severe outcome progression in older patients with coronavirus (COVID-19). Nutrition. 2020;79:111017.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yang H-C, Wu Y-H, Yen W-C, Liu H-Y, Hwang T-L, Stern A, et al. The redox role of G6PD in cell growth, cell death, and cancer. Cells. 2019;8(9):1055.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Doustimotlagh AH, Eftekhari M. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase inhibitor for treatment of severe COVID-19: Polydatin. Clin Nutr ESPEN. 2021;43:197–9.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Sadeghi A, Bastin AR, Ghahremani H, Doustimotlagh AH. The effects of rosmarinic acid on oxidative stress parameters and inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Mol Biol Rep. 2020;47(5):3557–66.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Doustimotlagh AH, Kokhdan EP, Vakilpour H, Khalvati B, Barmak MJ, Sadeghi H, et al. Protective effect of Nasturtium officinale R. Br and quercetin against cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Mol Biol Rep. 2020;47(7):5001–12.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Gheitasi I, Azizi A, Omidifar N, Doustimotlagh AH. Renoprotective effects of Origanum majorana methanolic L and carvacrol on ischemia/reperfusion-induced kidney injury in male rats. Evidence-Based Complement Altern Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/9785932.
Arya A, Azarmehr N, Mansourian M, Doustimotlagh AH. Inactivation of the superoxide dismutase by malondialdehyde in the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a combined molecular docking approach to clinical studies. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2021;127(6):557–64.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Cecchini R, Cecchini AL. SARS-CoV-2 infection pathogenesis is related to oxidative stress as a response to aggression. Med Hypotheses. 2020;143:110102.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Laforge M, Elbim C, Frère C, Hémadi M, Massaad C, Nuss P, et al. Tissue damage from neutrophil-induced oxidative stress in COVID-19. Nat Rev Immunol. 2020;20(9):515–6.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Park HS, Kim SR, Lee YC. Impact of oxidative stress on lung diseases. Respirology. 2009;14(1):27–38.
Komaravelli N, Casola A. Respiratory viral infections and subversion of cellular antioxidant defenses. J Pharmacogenomics Pharmacoproteomics. 2014;5(4):1000141.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Tejchman K, Kotfis K, Sieńko J. Biomarkers and mechanisms of oxidative stress—last 20 Years of Research with an emphasis on kidney damage and renal transplantation. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(15):8010.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gjyshi O, Bottero V, Veettil MV, Dutta S, Singh VV, Chikoti L, et al. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus induces Nrf2 during de novo infection of endothelial cells to create a microenvironment conducive to infection. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(10):e1004460.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Jain SK, Parsanathan R, Levine SN, Bocchini JA, Holick MF, Vanchiere JA. The potential link between inherited G6PD deficiency, oxidative stress, and vitamin D deficiency and the racial inequities in mortality associated with COVID-19. Free Radical Biol Med. 2020;161:84–91.
Comments (0)