Herschorn S. Female pelvic floor anatomy: the pelvic floor, supporting structures, and pelvic organs. Rev Urol. 2004;6(5):2–10.
El-Shamy FF, Moharm AA. Effect of pelvic postural changes on pelvic floor muscle activity in women with urinary stress incontinence. Bull FacPhTh Cairo Univ. 2013;18(1):9–14.
Raizada V, Mittal RK. Pelvic floor anatomy and applied physiology. Gastroenterol Clin North Am. 2008;37(3):493–509.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Haylen BT, de Ridder D, Freeman RM, et al. An International Urogynecological Association (IUGA)/International Continence Society (ICS) joint report on the terminology for female pelvic floor dysfunction. Int Urogynecol J. 2010;21(1):5–26.
Lee K. Investigation of electromyographic activity of pelvic floor muscles in different body positions to prevent urinary incontinence. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:9357–63.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Dehghan Manshadi F, Ghanbari Z, Miri E-S, Azimi H. Postural and musculoskeletal disorders in women with urinary incontinence: a research report. J Clin Physiother Res. 2016;1(1):27–31.
Soames RW. Skeletal system. In: Williams PL, Bannister LH, Berry MM, editors. Gray’s Anatomy. 38th edition. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1995. p. 425–736.
Padmanabhan P, Dmochowski R. Urinary incontinence in women: a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment. Minerva Ginecol. 2014;66(5):469–78.
Halski T, Słupska L, Dymarek R, et al. Evaluation of bioelectrical activity of pelvic floor muscles and synergistic muscles depending on orientation of pelvis in menopausal women with symptoms of stress urinary incontinence: a preliminary observational study. Biomed Res Int. 2014;2014:274938.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu H, Qian BP, Qiu Y, et al. Vertebral body or intervertebral disc wedging: which contributes more to thoracolumbar kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis patients? A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95(38):e4855. https://doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000004855.
Zurawski AL, Kiebzak WP, Kowalski IM, Sliwinski G, Sliwinski Z. Evaluation of the association between postural control and sagittal curvature of the spine. PLoS One. 2020;15(10):e0241228.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cooperstein R, Lew M. The relationship between pelvic torsion and anatomical leg length inequality: a review of the literature. J Chiropr Med. 2009;8(3):107–18.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Piazzolla A, Solarino G, De Giorgi S, Mori CM, Moretti L, De Giorgi G. Cotrel-Dubousset instrumentation in neuromuscular scoliosis. Eur Spine J. 2011;20(Suppl 1):S75–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-011-1758-x.
Masharawi Y, Dar G, Peleg S, et al. A morphological adaptation of the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae to lumbar hyperlordosis in young and adult females. Eur Spine J. 2010;19(5):768–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-009-1256-6.
Levine D, Whittle MW. The effects of pelvic movement on lumbar lordosis in the standing position. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 1996;24(3):130–5.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Zhoolideh P, Ghaderi F, Salahzadeh Z. Are There any relations between posture and pelvic floor disorders? A literature review. Crescent J Med Biol Sci. 2017;4(4):153–9.
Shah AA, Lemans JV, Zavatsky J, et al. Spinal balance/alignment—clinical relevance and biomechanics. J Biomech Eng. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4043650.
Harvey MA, Chih HJ, Geoffrion R, et al. International Urogynecology Consultation Chapter 1 Committee 5: relationship of pelvic organ prolapse to associated pelvic floor dysfunction symptoms: lower urinary tract, bowel, sexual dysfunction and abdominopelvic pain. Int Urogynecol J. 2021;32(10):2575–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00192-021-04941-5.
Eisenstein SM, Engelbrecht DJ, el Masry WS. Low back pain and urinary incontinence. A hypothetical relationship. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 1994;15(19):1148–52.
Cassidy T, Fortin A, Kaczmer S, Shumaker JTL, Szeto J, Madill SJ. Relationship between back pain and urinary incontinence in the Canadian population. Phys Ther. 2017;97(4):449–54.
Bush HM, Pagorek S, Kuperstein J, Guo J, Ballert KN, Crofford LJ. The association of chronic back pain and stress urinary incontinence: a cross-sectional study. J Womens Health Phys Ther. 2013;37(1):11–8.
Roncarati A, McMullen W. Correlates of low back pain in a general population sample: a multidisciplinary perspective. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 1988;11(3):158–64.
Youdas JW, Garrett TR, Harmsen S, Suman VJ, Carey JR. Lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination of asymptomatic adults. Phys Ther. 1996;76(10):1066–81.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Król A, Polak M, Szczygieł E, Wójcik P, Gleb K. Relationship between mechanical factors and pelvic tilt in adults with and without low back pain. J Back Musculoskelet Rehabil. 2017;30(4):699–705.
Youdas JW, Garrett TR, Egan KS, Therneau TM. Lumbar lordosis and pelvic inclination in adults with chronic low back pain. Phys Ther. 2000;80(3):261–75.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Khorasani F, Ghaderi F, Bastani P, Sarbakhsh P, Berghmans B. The effects of home-based stabilization exercises focusing on the pelvic floor on postnatal stress urinary incontinence and low back pain: a randomized controlled trial. Int Urogynecol J. 2020;31(11):2301–7.
Figueiredo VF, Amorim JS, Pereira AM, Ferreira PH, Pereira LS. Associations between low back pain, urinary incontinence, and abdominal muscle recruitment as assessed via ultrasonography in the elderly. Braz J Phys Ther. 2015;19(1):70–6.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Eliasson K, Elfving B, Nordgren B, Mattsson E. Urinary incontinence in women with low back pain. Man Ther. 2008;13(3):206–12.
Lee JH, Yoo WG. Application of posterior pelvic tilt taping for the treatment of chronic low back pain with sacroiliac joint dysfunction and increased sacral horizontal angle. Phys Ther Sport. 2012;13(4):279–85.
Baran E, Akbayrak T, Özgül S, et al. Musculoskeletal and anthropometric factors associated with urinary incontinence in pregnancy. Physiother Theory Pract. 2022;38(11):1789–98.
Toprak Çelenay Ş, Özer KD. Relationship of spinal curvature, mobility, and low back pain in women with and without urinary incontinence. Turk J Med Sci. 2017;47(4):1257–62.
Meyer I, McArthur TA, Tang Y, McKinney JL, Morgan SL, Richter HE. Pelvic floor symptoms and spinal curvature in women. Female Pelvic Med Reconstr Surg. 2016;22(4):219–23.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Khallaf ME, Fayed EE. Early postural changes in individuals with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Parkinsons Dis. 2015;2015:369454.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Seffinger MA, Hruby RJ, Kuchera WA. Evidence-based manual medicine: a problem-oriented approach. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier; 2007.
Skorupska K, Grzybowska ME, Kubik-Komar A, Rechberger T, Miotla P. Identification of the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 and the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 cutoff scores in urinary incontinent women. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2021;19(1):87.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yakut E, Düger T, Oksüz C, et al. Validation of the Turkish version of the Oswestry Disability Index for patients with low back pain. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2004;29(5):581–5; discussion 585
Fairbank JC, Pynsent PB. The Oswestry Disability Index. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2000;25(22):2940–52; discussion 2952
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Capson AC, Nashed J, Mclean L. The role of lumbopelvic posture in pelvic floor muscle activation in continent women. J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2011;21(1):166–77.
Lemos AQ, Brasil CA, Alvares CM, Passos JCG, Lordêlo P, Sá KN. The relation of the pelvis and the perineal function in incontinent women: a neglected subject. Neurourol Urodyn. 2018;37(8):2799–809.
Luber KM. The definition, prevalence, and risk factors for stress urinary incontinence. Rev Urol. 2004;6(3):3–9.
Ptaszkowski K, Zdrojowy R, Slupska L, et al. Assessment of bioelectrical activity of pelvic floor muscles depending on the orientation of the pelvis in menopausal women with symptoms of stress urinary incontinence: continued observational study. Eur J Phys Rehabil Med. 2017;53(4):564–74.
Pasquet B, Carpentier A, Duchateau J. Change in muscle fascicle length influences the recruitment and discharge rate of motor units during isometric contractions. J Neurophysiol. 2005;94(5):3126–33.
Comments (0)