From Envy to Radicalization

Abbas, T., & Siddique, A. (2012). Perceptions of the processes of radicalisation and de-radicalisation among British South Asian Muslims in a post-industrial city. Social Identities, 18(1), 119–134.

Ajil, A. (2019). Leaving peace for war: An exploratory study of Swiss men’s trajectories toward engagement in Arab conflicts [PDF]. https://doi.org/10.18753/2297-8224-138

Alicke, M. D., & Zell, E. (2008). Social comparison and envy. In R. H. Smith (Ed.), Envy: Theory and research. Oxford University Press.

Altier, M. B., Leonard Boyle, E., Shortland, N. D., & Horgan, J. G. (2017). Why they leave: An analysis of terrorist disengagement events from eighty-seven autobiographical accounts. Security Studies, 26(2), 305–332. https://doi.org/10.1080/09636412.2017.1280307

Article Google Scholar

Atran, S. (2016). The devoted actor: Unconditional commitment and intractable conflict across cultures. Current Anthropology, 57(S13), S192–S203. https://doi.org/10.1086/685495

Article Google Scholar

Baele, S. J., Bettiza, G., Boyd, K. A., & Coan, T. G. (2021). ISIS’s clash of civilizations: Constructing the “West” in terrorist propaganda. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 44(11), 887–919. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2019.1599192

Article Google Scholar

Baez, S., Herrera, E., García, A. M., Manes, F., Young, L., & Ibáñez, A. (2017). Outcome-oriented moral evaluation in terrorists. Nature Human Behaviour, 1(6), 0118. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-017-0118

Article Google Scholar

Bakker, E. (2011). Characteristics of Jihadi terrorists in Europe (2001–2009). In R. Coolsaet (Ed.), Jihadi Terrorism and the Radicalization Challenge. European and American experiences, 131–144. Ashgate. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Edwin_Bakker4/publication/292467374_Characteristics_of_Jihadi_terrorists_in_Europe_2001-2009/links/56e8128208ae166360e4ddc6.pdf

Bang Petersen, M., Osmundsen, M., & Tooby, J. (2021). The evolutionary psychology of conflict and the functions of falsehood. In D. C. Barker & E. Suhay (Eds.), The Politics of Truth in Polarized America (pp. 131–151). Oxford University Press.

Barclay, P. (2013). Strategies for cooperation in biological markets, especially for humans. Evolution and Human Behavior, 34(3), 164–175.

Bartlett, J., & Miller, C. (2012). The edge of violence: Towards telling the difference between violent and non-violent radicalization. Terrorism and Political Violence, 24(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2011.594923

Article Google Scholar

Baugut, P., & Neumann, K. (2019). Online news media and propaganda influence on radicalized individuals: Findings from interviews with Islamist prisoners and former Islamists. New Media & Society, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819879423

Baugut, P., & Neumann, K. (2020). Online propaganda use during Islamist radicalization. Information, Communication & Society, 23(11), 1570–1592. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1594333

Article Google Scholar

Baumard, N., André, J.-B., & Sperber, D. (2013). A mutualistic approach to morality: The evolution of fairness by partner choice. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 36(01), 59–78. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X11002202

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Bjorgo, T., & Horgan, J. G. (2008). Leaving terrorism behind: Individual and collective disengagement. Routledge.

Bloom, M. (2006). Dying to kill: Motivations for suicide terrorism. In Root causes of suicide terrorism, (pp. 45–73). Routledge.

Borum, R. (2003). Understanding the terrorist mind-set. FBI l. Enforcement Bull., 72, 7.

Borum, R. (2011a). Radicalization into Violent Extremism I: A review of social science theories. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 7–36. https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.1

Article Google Scholar

Borum, R. (2011b). Radicalization into violent extremism II: A review of conceptual models and empirical research. Journal of Strategic Security, 4(4), 37–62. https://doi.org/10.5038/1944-0472.4.4.2

Article Google Scholar

Bosi, L., & Della Porta, D. (2012). Micro-mobilization into armed groups: Ideological, instrumental and solidaristic paths. Qualitative Sociology, 35(4), 361–383. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11133-012-9237-1

Article Google Scholar

Botha, A. (2014). Political socialization and terrorist radicalization among individuals who joined al-Shabaab in Kenya. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 37(11), 895–919. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2014.952511

Article Google Scholar

Buss, D. M., & Haselton, M. (2005). The evolution of jealousy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 9(11), 506–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2005.09.006

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Cheng, J. T., Tracy, J. L., Foulsham, T., Kingstone, A., & Henrich, J. (2013). Two ways to the top: Evidence that dominance and prestige are distinct yet viable avenues to social rank and influence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 104(1), 103.

PubMed Google Scholar

Chester, D. S., Powell, C. A. J., Smith, R. H., Joseph, J. E., Kedia, G., Combs, D. J. Y., & DeWall, C. N. (2013). Justice for the average Joe: The role of envy and the mentalizing network in the deservingness of others’ misfortunes. Social Neuroscience, 8(6), 640–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2013.846278

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Cikara, M., & Fiske, S. T. (2012). Stereotypes and Schadenfreude: Affective and physiological markers of pleasure at outgroup misfortunes. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 3(1), 63–71. https://doi.org/10.1177/1948550611409245

Article Google Scholar

Cohen-Charash, Y., & Larson, E. C. (2017). An emotion divided: Studying envy is better than studying “benign” and “malicious” envy. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(2), 174–183. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721416683667

Article Google Scholar

Coolsaet, R. (2019). Radicalization: The origins and limits of a contested concept. In Radicalisation in Belgium and the Netherlands: Critical perspectives on violence and security, (pp. 29–51). IB Tauris.

Cosmides, L., & Tooby, J. (2000). Evolutionary psychology and the emotions. Handbook of Emotions, 2(2), 91–115.

Costello, W., Rolon, V., Thomas, A. G., & Schmitt, D. (2022). Levels of well-being among men who are Incel (Involuntarily Celibate). Evolutionary Psychological Science, 8(4), 375–390. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40806-022-00336-x

Article Google Scholar

Cottee, S. (2011). Jihadism as a subcultural response to social strain: Extending Marc Sageman’s “Bunch of Guys” thesis. Terrorism and Political Violence, 23(5), 730–751. https://doi.org/10.1080/09546553.2011.611840

Article Google Scholar

Cottee, S. (2021). Incel (E)motives: Resentment, shame and revenge. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 44(2), 93–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1822589

Article Google Scholar

Cottee, S., & Hayward, K. (2011). Terrorist (E)motives: The existential attractions of Terrorism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 34(12), 963–986. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2011.621116

Article Google Scholar

Crusius, J., & Lange, J. (2014). What catches the envious eye? Attentional biases within malicious and benign envy. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 55, 1–11.

Crusius, J., & Lange, J. (2021). Counterfactual thoughts distinguish benign and malicious envy. Emotion, 21(5), 905.

PubMed Google Scholar

Crusius, J., & Mussweiler, T. (2012). When people want what others have: The impulsive side of envious desire. Emotion, 12(1), 142–153. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0023523

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Davidson, D. (2001). Essays on Actions and Events: Philosophical Essays, Volume 1. Oxford University Press.

Della Porta, D. (2013). Clandestine political violence. Cambridge University Press.

Doosje, B., Loseman, A., & van den Bos, K. (2013). Determinants of radicalization of Islamic youth in the Netherlands: Personal uncertainty, perceived injustice, and perceived group threat. Journal of Social Issues, 69(3), 586–604. https://doi.org/10.1111/josi.12030

Article Google Scholar

De Dreu, C. K. W., & Gross, J. (2019). Revisiting the form and function of conflict: Neurobiological, psychological, and cultural mechanisms for attack and defense within and between groups. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 42. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X18002170

Durham, W. H. (1976). Resource competition and human aggression, part I: A review of primitive war. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 51(3), 385–415.

Elison, J., & Harter, S. (2007). Humiliation: Causes, correlates, and consequences. In The Self-conscious Emotions: Theory and Research (pp. 310–327). Guilford Press.

Fiske, S. T. (2011). Envy up, scorn down: How status divides us. Russell Sage Foundation.

Florez-Morris, M. (2007). Joining guerrilla groups in Colombia: Individual motivations and processes for entering a violent organization. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 30(7), 615–634. https://doi.org/10.1080/10576100701385958

Article Google Scholar

Foster, G. M. (1965). Peasant society and the image of limited good. American Anthropologist, 67(2), 293–315. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1965.67.2.02a00010

Article Google Scholar

Foster, G. M., Apthorpe, R. J., Bernard, H. R., Bock, B., Brogger, J., Brown, J. K., Cappannari, S. C., Cuisenier, J., D’Andrade, R. G., Faris, J., Freeman, S. T., Kolenda, P., MacCoby, M., Messing, S. D., Moreno-Navarro, I., Paddock, J., Reynolds, H. R., Ritchie, J. E., St. Erlich, V., & Whiting, B. B. (1972). The anatomy of envy: A study in symbolic behavior [and comments and reply]. Current Anthropology, 13(2), 165–202.

Frank, R. H. (1988). Passions within reason: The strategic role of the emotions. WW Norton & Co.

Frank, R. H. (2004). What price the moral high ground?: Ethical dilemmas in competitive environments. Princeton University Press Princeton.

Franz, B. (2015). Popjihadism: Why young European Muslims are joining the Islamic State. Mediterranean Quarterly, 26(2), 5–20. https://doi.org/10.1215/10474552-2914484

Article Google Scholar

Gale, L. R., Heath, W. C., & Ressler, R. W. (2002). An economic analysis of hate crime. Eastern Economic Journal, 28(2), 203–216.

Gershman, B. (2015). The economic origins of the evil eye belief. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 110, 119–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jebo.2014.12.002

Article Google Scholar

Gilbert, P. (2019). Distinguishing shame, humiliation and guilt: An evolutionary functional analysis and compassion focused interventions. In The Bright Side of Shame, (pp. 413–431). Springer.

Ginges, J., & Atran, S. (2008). Humiliation and the inertia effect: Implications for understanding violence and compromise in intractable intergroup conflicts. Journal of Cognition and Culture, 8(3), 281–294. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853708X358182

Article Google Scholar

Glowacki, L., & Wrangham, R. W. (2013). The role of rewards in motivating participation in simple warfare. Human Nature, 24(4), 444–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-013-9178-8

Article PubMed Google Scholar

Glowacki, L., & Wrangham, R. (2015). Warfare and reproductive success in a tribal population. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(2), 348–353. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1412287112

Article Google Scholar

Goldman, L., & Hogg, M. A. (2016). Going to extremes for one’s group: The role of prototypicality and group acceptance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 46(9), 544–553. https://doi.org/10.1111/jasp.12382

Article Google Scholar

Gøtzsche-Astrup, O. (2018). The time for causal designs: Review and evaluation of empirical support for mechanisms of political radicalisation. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 39, 90–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2018.02.003

Article Google Scholar

Gros, C. (2021). Collective strategy condensation: When envy splits societies. Entropy, 23(2), 157. https://doi.org/10.3390/e23020157

Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar

Gurr, T. R. (2015). Why Men Rebel. Routledge.

Hafez, M., & Mullins, C. (2015). The radicalization puzzle: A theoretical synthesis of empirical approaches to homegrown extremism. Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 38(11), 958–975. https://doi.org/10.1080/1057610X.2015.1051375

View original article

EVOLUTIONARY PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE

0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Comments (0)