From the Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (R.T., A.C.C., M.W., C.D., R.A.); Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan (R.T., T.T., H.N.); Cardiology Division, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX (A.M.Z.); Siemens Healthineers AG, Erlangen, Germany (G.C.); and Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, (C.B.P.).

Received for publication March 29, 2023; and accepted for publication, after revision, May 30, 2023.

Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: This research was supported by a research scholar grant–liver tumor immune environment: imaging and modulation after therapy RSG-21-030-01-TBG from the American Cancer Society. This research was also funded partly through a research grant from Siemens Healthineers and the University Cancer Foundation via the Institutional Research Grant program at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center and SIO Immuno-Oncology-Interventional Oncology grant program.

Correspondence to: Rony Avritscher, MD, Department of Interventional Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX 77030. E-mail: [email protected].