aDepartment of Internal Medicine, Wellstar Cobb Medical Center, Austell, Georgia, USA

bDepartment of Gastroenterology, Northern Hospital, Epping, Melbourne, Australia

cDepartment of Surgical Science, University Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy

dDepartment of Gastroenterology, Whipps Cross University Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK

eDepartment of Colorectal Surgery, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona UAB, Barcelona, Spain

fDepartment of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, Universitá degli Studi della Campania ‘Luigi Vanvitelli’, Naples, Italy

gDepartment of Medicine, University of Melbourne

hDepartment of Gastroenterology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Melbourne, Australia

Received 11 May 2023 Accepted 28 July 2023.

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Correspondence to Gianluca Pellino, MD, PhD, FRCS, FRCP, FEBS (Coloproctology), FASCRS, FACS, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona UAB, Barcelona, Spain, Tel: +34934893000; fax: +34934894040; e-mail: [email protected]