Tanner JM. Normal growth and techniques of growth assessment. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1986; 15(3): 411-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-595X(86)80005-6 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0300-595X(86)80005-6

Faienza MF, Chiarito M, Molina-Molina E, Shanmugam H, Lammert F, Krawczyk M, et al. Childhood obesity, cardiovascular and liver health: a growing epidemic with age. World J Pediatr [Internet] 2020; 16(5): 438-45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00341-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00341-9

Dimitri P. The Impact of Childhood Obesity on Skeletal Health and Development. J Obes Metab Syndr 2019; 28(1): 4-17. https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes.2019.28.1.4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes.2019.28.1.4

Du T, Fonseca V, Chen W, Bazzano LA. Changes in body size phenotype from childhood to adulthood and the associated cardiometabolic outcomes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract [Internet] 2022; 187: 109884. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109884 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109884

FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, WHO. The state of food security and nutrition in the world 2017 [Internet] 2017. 30 p. Available from: http://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/ foodsecurity/state-food-security-nutrition-2017-inbrief-en.pdf?ua=1

Ohlsson C, Bygdell M, Sondén A, Jern C, Rosengren A, Kindblom JM. BMI increase through puberty and adolescence is associated with risk of adult stroke. Neurology 2017; 89(4): 363-9. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004158 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004158

Nieuwenhuis D, Pujol-Gualdo N, Arnoldussen IAC, Kiliaan AJ. Adipokines: A gear shift in puberty. Obesity Reviews 2020; 21: 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13005 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13005

Bratberg GH, Nilsen TIL, Holmen TL, Vatten LJ. Early sexual maturation, central adiposity, and subsequent overweight in late adolescence. A four-year follow-up of 1605 adolescent Norwegian boys and girls: The Young HUNT study. BMC Public Health 2007; 7: 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-54 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-7-54

Buyken AE, Bolzenius K, Karaolis-Danckert N, Günther ALB, Kroke A. Body composition trajectories into adolescence according to age at pubertal growth spurt. Am J Hum Biol 2011; 23(2): 216-24. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.21125 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.21125

Freedman DS, Kettel Khan L, Serdula MK, Dietz WH, Srinivasan SR, Berenson GS. The relation of menarcheal age to obesity in childhood and adulthood: The Bogalusa heart study. BMC Pediatr 2003; 3: 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-3-3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-3-3

De Leonibus C, Marcovecchio ML, Chiavaroli V, De Giorgis T, Chiarelli F, Mohn A. Timing of puberty and physical growth in obese children: A longitudinal study in boys and girls. Pediatr Obes 2014; 9(4). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00176.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2013.00176.x

Moodie JL, Campisi SC, Salena K, Wheatley M, Vandermorris A, Bhutta ZA. Timing of Pubertal Milestones in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Adv Nutr 2020; 4(11): 951-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa007 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmaa007

UNICEF. Salud y nutrición [Internet]. Salud y nutrición 2022 [cited 2022 May 19]. Available from: https://www.unicef.org/mexico/salud-y-nutrición

Little BB, Malina RM, Pena-Reyes ME, Chavez GB. Thinness, overweight, and obesity in indigenous school children and youth in Mexico. Ann Hum Biol [Internet] 2019; 46(6): 448-59. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2019.1674378 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2019.1674378

Malina RM, Little BB, Lanceta J, Peña Reyes ME, Bali Chávez G. Geographic variation in the growth status of indigenous school children and youth in Mexico. Am J Phys Anthropol [Internet] 2018; 167(4): 791-803. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23706 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.23706

Shamah-Levy T, Romero-Martínez M, Barrientos-Gutiérrez T, Cuevas-Nasu L, Bautista-Arredondo S, Colchero M, et al. Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2020 sobre Covid-19. Resultados nacionales. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, editor. Cuernavaca, México; 2021. https://doi.org/10.21149/12580 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21149/12580

INEGI. Encuesta Nacional de Ingresos Y Gastos DE LOS Hogares 2020 (ENIGH) [Internet] 2021. Available from: https://www.inegi.org.mx/programas/enigh/nc/2020/

Malina RM, Rogol AD, Cumming SP, Coelho E Silva MJ, Figueiredo AJ. Biological maturation of youth athletes: Assessment and implications. Br J Sports Med 2015; 49(13): 852-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094623 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2015-094623

Verdugo MF. El proceso de maduración biológica y el rendimiento deportivo. Rev Chil Pediatr [Internet] 2015; 86(6): 383-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.10.003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rchipe.2015.10.003

Baxter-Jones ADG, Barbour-Tuck EN, Dale D, Sherar LB, Knight CJ, Cumming SP, et al. The role of growth and maturation during adolescence on team selection and short-term sports participation. Ann Hum Biol [Internet] 2020; 47(4): 316-23. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2019.1707870 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2019.1707870

INEGI. Censo de Escuelas, Maestros y Alumnos de Educación Básica y Especial [Internet] 2013. Available from: https://www.inegi.org.mx/sistemas/mapa/atlas/

INEGI. Mapa interactivo de Áreas Geoestadísticas Básicas (AGEB) [Internet] 2018. Available from: https://www.inegi.org.mx/app/areasgeograficas/?ag=26

CONAPO. Consejo Nacional de Población [Internet] 2018 [cited 2018 Sep 20]. Available from: www.conapo.gob.mx/es/CONAPO/Datos_Abiertos_del_%0AIndice_de_Marginacion

Stewart A, Marfell-Jones M, Olds T, Ridder H. Protocolo internacional para la valoración antropométrica ISAK 2011th ed. ISAK, editor 2011.

Vogel F. SECA [Internet]. Germany. 1897. Available from: https://www.seca.com

Apex Tool Group. Lufking tape. Michigan 1892.

Blössner M, Siyam A, Borghi E, Onyango A, De Onis M. WHO AnthroPlus for personal computers manual: software for assessing growth of the world’s children and adolescents. World Heal Organ Geneva, Switz 2009;

Onis M de, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85: 660-7. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.07.043497 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.07.043497

Mirwald RL, G. Baxter-Jones AD, Bailey DA, Beunen GP. An assessment of maturity from anthropometric measurements. Med Sci Sport Exerc [Internet] 2002; 34(4): 689-94. https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200204000-00020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200204000-00020

Moore SA, Cumming SP, Balletta G, Ramage K, Eisenmann JC, Baxter-Jones ADG, et al. Exploring the relationship between adolescent biological maturation, physical activity, and sedentary behavior: a systematic review and narrative synthesis. Ann Hum Biol 2020; 47(4): 365-83. https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2020.1805006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/03014460.2020.1805006

Kowalski K, Crocker P, Donen R. The Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C) and Adolescents (PAQ-A) Manual. Coll Kinesiol Univ Saskatchewan [Internet] 2004; 1(87): 1-38. Available from: https://www.prismsports.org/UserFiles/file/PAQ_manual_ScoringandPDF.pdf

Ruiz JR, Castro-Piñero J, España-Romero V, Artero EG, Ortega FB, Cuenca MAM, et al. Field-based fitness assessment in young people: The ALPHA health-related fitness test battery for children and adolescents. Br J Sports Med 2010; 45(6): 518-24. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.075341 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2010.075341

Comité de nivel socioeconómico AMAI. Nivel Socio Económico AMAI 2018 [Internet] 2017. Available from: https://nse.amai.org/cuestionarios/

Gutierrez RG. Stata. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Comput Stat 2010; 2(6): 728-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.116 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/wics.116

FINUT Virtual conference 2020. Ann Nutr Metab 2020; 76(suppl 4): 117. https://doi.org/10.1159/000509902 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1159/000509902

Bygdell M, Kindblom JM, Celind J, Nethander M, Ohlsson C. Childhood BMI is inversely associated with pubertal timing in normal-weight but not overweight boys. Am J Clin Nutr 2018; 108(6): 1259-63. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy201 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqy201

Lian Q, Mao Y, Luo S, Zhang S, Tu X, Zuo X, et al. Puberty timing associated with obesity and central obesity in Chinese Han girls. BMC Pediatr 2019; 19(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1376-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1376-4

Holmgren A, Niklasson A, Nierop AFM, Gelander L, Stefan Aronson A, Sjöberg A, et al. Pubertal height gain is inversely related to peak BMI in childhood. Pediatr Res 2017; 81(3): 448-54. https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2016.253 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/pr.2016.253

Deardorff J, Abrams B, Ekwaru JP, Rehkopf DH. Socioeconomic status and age at menarche: An examination of multiple indicators in an ethnically diverse cohort. Ann Epidemiol 2014; 24(10): 727-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.07.002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2014.07.002

Fisher M, Eugster E. What is in our environment that effects puberty? Reprod Toxicol 2014; 44: 7-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.03.012 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.03.012

Lee JM, Wasserman R, Kaciroti N, Gebremariam A, Steffes J, Dowshen S, et al. Timing of puberty in overweight versus obese boys. Pediatrics 2016; 137(2). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0164 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-0164

Baird J, Walker I, Smith C, Inskip H. Review of methods for determining pubertal status and age of onset of puberty in cohort and longitudinal studies. CLOSER Resour Rep [Internet] 2017; (April). Available from: www.closer.ac.uk

Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, Vicari E, Mongioi’ L, Favilla V, Morgia G, et al. The gonadal function in obese adolescents: review. Mol Diagnosis Ther 2014; 37(12): 1133-42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-014-0107-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-014-0107-4

Oehme NHB, Roelants M, Bruserud IS, Madsen A, Bjerknes R, Rosendahl K, et al. Low BMI, but not high BMI, influences the timing of puberty in boys. Andrology [Internet] 2021; 9(3): 837-45. https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12985 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/andr.12985

González Valencia DG, Grijalva Haro MI, Montiel Carbajal M, Ortega Vélez MI. Identificación de factores predisponentes, reforzadores y capacitadores para una alimentación y actividad física adecuadas en escolares sonorenses [Internet]. Región y sociedad 2018; Vol. 30. https://doi.org/10.22198/rys.2018.72.a893 DOI: https://doi.org/10.22198/rys.2018.72.a893

van Sluijs EMF, Ekelund U, Crochemore-Silva I, Guthold R, Ha A, Lubans D, et al. Physical activity behaviors in adolescence: current evidence and opportunities for intervention. Lancet [Internet] 2021; 398(10298): 429-42. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01259-9 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)01259-9

Reinehr T, Bosse C, Lass N, Rothermel J, Knop C, Roth CL. Effect of Weight Loss on Puberty Onset in Overweight Children. J Pediatr [Internet] 2017; 184: 143-150.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.066 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.066

Ward JL, Viner RM. The impact of income inequality and national wealth on child and adolescent mortality in low and middle-income countries. BMC Public Health 2017; 17(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4310-z DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4310-z

Jiménez-Pavón D, Ortega FB, Artero EG, Labayen I, Vicente-Rodriguez G, Huybrechts I, et al. Physical activity, fitness, and serum leptin concentrations in adolescents. J Pediatr 2012; 160(4): 598-603.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.09.058 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2011.09.058

Deardorff J, Fyfe M, Ekwaru JP, Kushi LH, Greenspan LC, Yen IH. Does neighborhood environment influence girls' pubertal onset? Findings from a cohort study. BMC Pediatr [Internet] 2012; 12(1): 27. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-27 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-27

Cheng HL, Harris SR, Sritharan M, Behan MJ, Medlow SD, Steinbeck KS. The tempo of puberty and its relationship to adolescent health and well-being: A systematic review. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 2020; 109(5): 900-13. https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15092 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/apa.15092

Cole T, Kuh D, Johnson W, Ward K, Howe L, Adams J, et al. Using Super-Imposition by Translation And Rotation (SITAR) to relate pubertal growth to bone health in later life: the Medical Research Council (MRC) National Survey of Health and Development. Int J Epidemiol [Internet] 2016; 45(4): 1125-34. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw134 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyw134

Pacheco-Herrera J, Ramírez-Vélez R, Correa-Bautista J. Índice general de fuerza y adiposidad como medida de la condición física relacionada con la salud en niños y adolescentes de Bogotá, Colombia: Estudio FUPRECOL. Nutr Hosp [Internet] 2016; 35(3): 550-6. https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.261 DOI: https://doi.org/10.20960/nh.261

Sepulveda-Caceres X, Mendez-Cornejo J, Duarte-Farfán C, Herrera-Blanco M, Gomez-Campos R, Lazari E, et al. Relación entre adiposidad corporal y salto horizontal en niños y adolescentes escolares. Rev Chil Pediatría [Internet] 2018; 89(6): 701-8. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0370-41062018005001003 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4067/S0370-41062018005001003

Ortega FB, Artero EG, Ruiz JR, España-Romero V, Jiménez-Pavón D, Vicente-Rodriguez G, et al. Physical fitness levels among European adolescents: the HELENA study. Br J Sports Med 2011; 45(1): 20-9. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.062679 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.062679

Jiménez-Pavón D, Ortega FB, Valtueña J, Castro-Piñero J, Gómez-Martínez S, Zaccaria M, et al. Muscular strength and markers of insulin resistance in European adolescents: The HELENA Study. Eur J Appl Physiol 2012; 112(7): 2455-65. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2216-5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-011-2216-5

Bahamonde C, Huberman J, Lagos O, Didier P. Fuerza prensil y desarrollo puberal. Educ Fis Chile 2008; 77(266): 19-28.

Söğüt M, Luz LGO, Kaya ÖB, Altunsoy K, Doğan AA, Kirazci S, et al. Age-and maturity-related variations in morphology, body composition, and motor fitness among young female tennis players. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16(13): 2412. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132412 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16132412

Fenato RR, Araujo ACF, Guimarães ATB. Comparison of gluteus medius strength between individuals with obesity and normal-weight individuals: a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord [Internet] 2021; 22(1): 584. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04470-8 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-021-04470-8

Koushyar H, Nussbaum MA, Davy KP, Madigan ML. Relative Strength at the Hip, Knee, and Ankle Is Lower Among Younger and Older Females Who Are Obese. J Geriatr Phys Ther [Internet] 2017; 40(3): 143-9. https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000086 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JPT.0000000000000086

Otero J, Cohen DD, Herrera VM, Camacho PA, Bernal O, López-Jaramillo P. Sociodemographic factors related to handgrip strength in children and adolescents in a middle-income country: The SALUS study. Am J Hum Biol 2017; 29(1): 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22896 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.22896