Mortality Tables. Centers for disease control and prevention: national center for health statistics; 2022. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/mortality_tables.htm#lcod_hr
Callcut RA, Kornblith LZ, Conroy AS, Robles AJ, Meizoso JP, Namias N, et al. The why and how our trauma patients die: a prospective multicenter western trauma association study. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;86(5):864–70.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Holcomb JB, del Junco DJ, Fox EE, Wade CE, Cohen MJ, Schreiber MA, et al. The prospective, observational, multicenter, major trauma transfusion (PROMMTT) study: comparative effectiveness of a time-varying treatment with competing risks. JAMA Surg. 2013;148(2):127–36.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Holcomb JB, Tilley BC, Baraniuk S, Fox EE, Wade CE, Podbielski JM, et al. Transfusion of plasma, platelets, and red blood cells in a 1:1:1 vs a 1:1:2 ratio and mortality in patients with severe trauma: the PROPPR randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2015;313(5):471–82.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Cap AP, Beckett A, Benov A, Borgman M, Chen J, Corley JB, et al. Whole blood transfusion. Mil Med. 2018;183(suppl_2):44–51.
Cap AP, Pidcoke HF, Spinella P, Strandenes G, Borgman MA, Schreiber M, et al. Damage control resuscitation. Mil Med. 2018;183(suppl_2):36–43.
Palta S, Saroa R, Palta A. Overview of the coagulation system. Indian J Anaesth. 2014;58(5):515–23.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Barmore W, Bajwa T, Burns B. Biochemistry, clotting factors. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2022, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2022.
Moore HB, Moore EE. Trauma-induced coagulopathy. In: Feliciano DV, Mattox KL, Moore EE, editors. Trauma, 9e. New York, NY: McGraw Hill; 2020 [cited 2022 Oct 11]. Available from: accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid=1175131893
Magnotti LJ, Bradburn EH, Webb DL, Berry SD, Fischer PE, Zarzaur BL, et al. Admission ionized calcium levels predict the need for multiple transfusions: a prospective study of 591 critically ill trauma patients. J Trauma. 2011;70(2):391–5. discussion 395-7
Choi YC, Hwang SY. The value of initial ionized calcium as a predictor of mortality and triage tool in adult trauma patients. J Korean Med Sci. 2008;23(4):700–5.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Chanthima P, Yuwapattanawong K, Thamjamrassri T, Nathwani R, Stansbury LG, Vavilala MS, et al. Association between ionized calcium concentrations during hemostatic transfusion and calcium treatment with mortality in major trauma. Anesth Analg. 2021;132(6):1684–91.
MacKay EJ, Stubna MD, Holena DN, Reilly PM, Seamon MJ, Smith BP, et al. Abnormal calcium levels during trauma resuscitation are associated with increased mortality, increased blood product use, and greater hospital resource consumption: a pilot investigation. Anesth Analg. 2017;125(3):895–901.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hall C, Nagengast AK, Knapp C, Behrens B, Dewey EN, Goodman A, et al. Massive transfusions and severe hypocalcemia: an opportunity for monitoring and supplementation guidelines. Transfusion (Paris). 2021;61(Suppl 1):S188–s194.
Giancarelli A, Birrer KL, Alban RF, Hobbs BP, Liu-DeRyke X. Hypocalcemia in trauma patients receiving massive transfusion. J Surg Res. 2016;202(1):182–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
System JT. Joint trauma system clinical practice guideline - damage control resuscitation. 2019. Available from: https://jts.amedd.army.mil/assets/docs/cpgs/Damage_Control_Resuscitation_12_Jul_2019_ID18.pdf
Spahn DR, Bouillon B, Cerny V, Duranteau J, Filipescu D, Hunt BJ, et al. The European guideline on management of major bleeding and coagulopathy following trauma: fifth edition. Crit Care. 2019;23(1):98.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wray JP, Bridwell RE, Schauer SG, Shackelford SA, Bebarta VS, Wright FL, et al. The diamond of death: hypocalcemia in trauma and resuscitation. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;41:104–9.
Conner JR, Benavides LC, Shackelford SA, Gurney JM, Burke EF, Remley MA, et al. Hypocalcemia in military casualties from point of injury to surgical teams in Afghanistan. Mil Med. 2021;186(Suppl 1):300–4.
Hashmi ZG, Chehab M, Nathens AB, Joseph B, Bank EA, Jansen JO, et al. Whole truths but half the blood: addressing the gap between the evidence and practice of pre-hospital and in-hospital blood product use for trauma resuscitation. Transfusion (Paris). 2021;61(Suppl 1):S348–s353.
Shackelford SA, Gurney JM, Taylor AL, Keenan S, Corley JB, Cunningham CW, et al. Joint trauma system, defense committee on trauma, and armed services blood program consensus statement on whole blood. Transfusion (Paris). 2021;61(Suppl 1):S333–s335.
Hanna K, Bible L, Chehab M, Asmar S, Douglas M, Ditillo M, et al. Nationwide analysis of whole blood hemostatic resuscitation in civilian trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;89(2):329–35.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Hazelton JP, Cannon JW, Zatorski C, Roman JS, Moore SA, Young AJ, et al. Cold-stored whole blood: a better method of trauma resuscitation? J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2019;87(5):1035–41.
Shea SM, Staudt AM, Thomas KA, Schuerer D, Mielke JE, Folkerts D, et al. The use of low-titer group O whole blood is independently associated with improved survival compared to component therapy in adults with severe traumatic hemorrhage. Transfusion (Paris). 2020;60(Suppl 3):S2–s9.
Seheult JN, Anto V, Alarcon LH, Sperry JL, Triulzi DJ, Yazer MH. Clinical outcomes among low-titer group O whole blood recipients compared to recipients of conventional components in civilian trauma resuscitation. Transfusion (Paris). 2018;58(8):1838–45.
Siletz AE, Blair KJ, Cooper RJ, Nguyen NC, Lewis SJ, Fang A, et al. A pilot study of stored low titer group O whole blood + component therapy versus component therapy only for civilian trauma patients. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021;91(4):655–62.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Anand T, Obaid O, Nelson A, Chehab M, Ditillo M, Hammad A, et al. Whole blood hemostatic resuscitation in pediatric trauma: a nationwide propensity-matched analysis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021;91(4):573–8.
Kemp Bohan PM, McCarthy PM, Wall ME, Adams AM, Chick RC, Forcum JE, et al. Safety and efficacy of low-titer O whole blood resuscitation in a civilian level I trauma center. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021;91(2S Suppl 2):S162–s168.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Harrold IM, Seheult JN, Alarcon LH, Corcos A, Sperry JL, Triulzi DJ, et al. Hemolytic markers following the transfusion of uncrossmatched, cold-stored, low-titer, group O+ whole blood in civilian trauma patients. Transfusion (Paris). 2020;60(Suppl 3):S24–s30.
Leeper CM, Yazer MH, Morgan KM, Triulzi DJ, Gaines BA. Adverse events after low titer group O whole blood versus component product transfusion in pediatric trauma patients: a propensity-matched cohort study. Transfusion (Paris). 2021;61(9):2621–8.
Williams J, Merutka N, Meyer D, Bai Y, Prater S, Cabrera R, et al. Safety profile and impact of low-titer group O whole blood for emergency use in trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2020;88(1):87–93.
Hu PJ, Uhlich R, Jansen JO, Bradley Holcomb J, Kerby JD. Whole blood massive transfusion score is the most sensitive predictor of mortality among patients requiring emergent trauma laparotomy and massive resuscitation. J Am Coll Surg. 2022;235(5) Available from: https://journals.lww.com/journalacs/Fulltext/2022/11002/Whole_Blood_Massive_Transfusion_Score_is_the_Most.222.aspx
Chang R, Holcomb JB, Leibner E, Pommerening M, Kozar RA. Hemostasis, surgical bleeding, and transfusion. In: Brunicardi FC, Andersen DK, Billiar TR, Dunn DL, Kao LS, Hunter JG, et al., editors. Schwartz’s Principles of Surgery, 11e. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education; 2019 [cited 2022 Oct 18]. Available from: accesssurgery.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?aid = 1164306618
Lum ZC, Manoukian MAC, Pacheco CS, Nedopil AJ, Giordani M, Meehan JP. Intravenous tranexamic acid versus topical aminocaproic acid: which method has the least blood loss and transfusion rates? J Am Acad Orthop Surg Glob Res Rev. 2018;2(11):e072.
PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Shakur H, Roberts I, Bautista R, Caballero J, Coats T, Dewan Y, et al. Effects of tranexamic acid on death, vascular occlusive events, and blood transfusion in trauma patients with significant haemorrhage (CRASH-2): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2010;376(9734):23–32.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Morrison JJ, Dubose JJ, Rasmussen TE, Midwinter MJ. Military application of tranexamic acid in trauma emergency resuscitation (MATTERs) study. Arch Surg. 2012;147(2):113–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Rossaint R, Bouillon B, Cerny V, Coats TJ, Duranteau J, Fernández-Mondéjar E, et al. The STOP the bleeding campaign. Crit Care. 2013;17(2):136.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Imach S, Wafaisade A, Lefering R, Böhmer A, Schieren M, Suárez V, et al. The impact of prehospital tranexamic acid on mortality and transfusion requirements: match-pair analysis from the nationwide German TraumaRegister DGU®. Crit Care. 2021;25(1):277.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yorkgitis BK, Berndtson AE, Cross A, Kennedy R, Kochuba MP, Tignanelli C, et al. American Association for the Surgery of Trauma/American College of Surgeons-Committee on Trauma Clinical Protocol for inpatient venous thromboembolism prophylaxis after trauma. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022;92(3):597–604.
Johnston LR, Rodriguez CJ, Elster EA, Bradley MJ. Evaluation of military use of tranexamic acid and associated thromboembolic events. JAMA Surg. 2018;153(2):169–75.
Adair KE, Patrick JD, Kliber EJ, Peterson MN, Holland SR. TXA (tranexamic acid) risk evaluation in combat casualties (TRECC). Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2020;5(1):e000353.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Rivas L, Estroff J, Sparks A, Nahmias J, Allen R, Smith SR, et al. The incidence of venous thromboembolic events in trauma patients after tranexamic acid administration: an EAST multicenter study. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis. 2021;32(1):37–43.
Comments (0)