https://www.etymonline.com/search?q=coal. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Robl T, Oberlink A, Jones R (2017) Coal combustion products (CCPs) – characteristics, utilization and beneficiation 3–20, Woodhead Publishing, p 564
Crelling JC (1989) The nature of coal material In: Introduction to carbon science. In: Marsh H et al (eds.), Butterworth-Heinemann, pp 259‒284
Blander M, Sinha S, Pelton A, Eriksson G (1989) Calculations of the influence of additives on coal combustion deposits. Am Chem Soc Div Fuel Chem 34:340–346 (Preprints of papers)
Rahman R, Widodo S, Azikin B, Tahir D (2019) Chemical composition and physical characteristics of coal and mangrove wood as alternative fuel. J Phys Conf Ser 1341:052008
https://www.uky.edu/KGS/coal/index.php. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Mancuso JJ, Seavoy RE (1981) Precambrian coal anthraxolite; a source for graphite in high-grade schists and gneisses. Econ Geol 76:951–954
McGhee GR Jr (2018) Carboniferous giants and mass extinction—The late Paleozoic Ice Age World. Columbia University Press, p New York
Cleal CJ, Thomas BA (2005) Palaeozoic tropical rainforests and their effect on global climates: is the past the key to the present? Geobiology 3:13–31
Sahney S, Benton MJ, Falcon-Lang HJ (2010) Rainforest collapse triggered carboniferous tetrapod diversification in Euramerica. Geology 38:1079–1082
https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/coal. Accessed 30 Dec 2022
Suárez-Ruiz I, Diez MA, Rubiera F (2019) 1 – Coal In: New trends in coal conversion, Woodhead Publishing, pp 1‒30
Taylor TN, Taylor EL, Krings M (2009) Paleobotany: the biology and evolution of fossil plants, 2nd edn. Elsevier, Amsterdam
Hutton AC, Hower JC (1999) Cannel coals: implications for classification and terminology. Int J Coal Geol 41:157–188
O’Keefe JM, Bechtel A, Christanis K, Dai S, DiMichele WA, Eble CF, Esterle JS, Mastalerz M, Raymond AL, Valentim BV, Wagner NJ, Ward CR, Hower JC (2013) On the fundamental difference between coal rank and coal type. Int J Coal Geol 118:58–87
https://www.britannica.com/science/coal-fossil-fuel/Coal-types. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Cwirzen A (2020) Properties of SCC with industrial by-products as aggregates In: Self-compacting concrete: materials, properties and applications, Woodhead Publishing, pp 249‒281
William R (1973) Chapter 9: Heat generation, transport, and storage In: Perry R, Chilton C (eds.) Chemical engineersʹ handbook (5th edition)
Canpolat F (2011) The role of coal combustion products in sustainable construction materials. Indian Concr J 85:26–38
https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/coal/. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Warwick PD (2003) Coal geology and resources In: Geology Vol. V. Encyclopedia of life sistems, EOLSS
Whitaker J (1959) The nature of coal. Nature 183:1438–1440
Andrews CJ, Dewey-Mattia L, Schechtman JM, Mathias Mayr M (2011) Alternative energy sources and land use In: Ingram GK, Hong Y-H (Eds) Climate change policies and land policies. Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, pp 91‒121
Michaelides EES (2012) Alternative energy sources. Springer, Berlin, p 460
https://www.straterra.co.nz/lets-talk-about-coal-2/future-of-coal/alternatives-to-coal/. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Schopf JM (1966) Definitions of peat and coal and of graphite that terminates the coal series (graphocite). J Geol 74:584–592
Berkowitz (1979) An introduction to coal technology. Academic Press, New York, p 345
Ward CR (ed) (1984) Coal geology and coal technology. Blackwell scientific publications, Melbourne, p 345
Teichmüeller M (1989) The genesis of coal from the viewpoint of coal petrology. Int J Coal Geol 12:1–87
Hatcher PG, Faulon JL, Wenzel KA, Cody GD (1992) A structural model for lignin-derived vitrinite from high-volatile bituminous coal (coalified wood). Energy Fuels 6:813–820
Levine JR (1993) Coalification: The evolution of coal as source rock and reservoir rock for oil and gas In: Law BE, Rice DD (Eds.) Hydrocarbons from Coal. AAPG studies in geology, pp 9–77
De MK, Hatcher PG (1996) Characterization of peatified and coalified wood by tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) thermochemolysis. Int J Coal Geol 32:217–228
Taylor GH, Teichmüller M, Davis A, Diessel CFK, Little R, Robert P (1998) Organic petrology. Gebrüder Borntrager, Berlin, p 704
Alpern B, Lemos de Sousa MJ (2002) Documented international enquiry on solid sedimentary fossil fuels; coal: definitions, classifications, reserves-resources, and energy potential. Int J Coal Geol 50:3–41
Hower JC, Gayer RA (2002) Mechanisms of coal metamorphism: case studies from Paleozoic coalfields. Int J Coal Geol 50:215–245
Orem WH, Finkelman RB (2003) Coal formation and geochemistry. Treatise Geochem 7:191–222
Shadle L, Berry D, Syamlal M (2007) Coal gasification. Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 771–832
Speight JG (2013) The chemistry and technology of coal (third edition). CRC Press Taylor & Francis Group, Boca Raton, p 845
Nelsen MP, DiMichele WA, Peters SE, Boyce CK (2016) Delayed fungal evolution did not cause the Paleozoic peak in coal production. Proc Natl Acad Sci 113:2442–2447
Ulbrich M, Preßl D, Fendt S, Gaderer M, Spliethoff H (2017) Impact of HTC reaction conditions on the hydrochar properties and CO2 gasification properties of spent grains. Fuel Process Technol 167:663–669
Thomas L (2020) Coal Geology, 3rd edn. Wiley Blackwell, New York, p 536
Shifeng D, Bechtel A, Eble CF, Flores RM, French D, Graham IT, Hood MM, Hower JC, Korasidis VA, Moore TA, Püttmann W, Wei Q, Zhao L, O’Keefe JMK (2020) Recognition of peat depositional environments in coal: a review. Int J Coal Geol 219:103383
https://epcamr.org/home/content/reference-materials/coal-types-formation-and-methods-of-mining/. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
https://www.iso.org/ics/73.040/x/. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Yudovich YE, Ketris MP (2005) Mercury in coal: a review Part 1. Geochemistry. Int J Coal Geol 62:107–134
Kolker A, Palmer CA, Bragg LJ, Bunnell JE (2006) Arsenic in Coal. USGS science for a changing world, US Geological survey, p 4
Lakin HW (1973) Chapter 6 – Selenium in our environment In: Trace elements in the environment, advances in chemistry series 123, pp 96–111
Luo J, Emelogu O, Morosuk T, Tsatsaronis G (2019) Exergy-based investigation of a coal-fired allam cycle. Res Develop Power Eng 137:1–6
Weiland NT, White CW (2018) Techno-economic analysis of an integrated gasification direct-fired supercritical CO2 power cycle. Fuel 212:613–625
Bhoi S, Banerjee T, Mohanty K (2016) Insights on the combustion and pyrolysis behavior of three different rank coals using reactive molecular dynamic simulation. RSC Adv 6:2559–2570
Mathews JP, Chaffee AL (2012) The molecular representations of coal—a review. Fuel 96:1–14
Narkiewicz MR, Mathews JP (2008) Improved low-volatile bituminous coal representation: incorporating the molecular-weight distribution. Energy Fuels 22:3104–3111
Wender I (1976) Catalytic synthesis of chemicals from coal. Catal Rev Sci Eng 14:97–129
https://www.worldcoal.org/coal/uses-coal/how-steel-produced. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Ozbayoglu G (2018) Energy production from coal. In: Dincer I (ed) Comprehensive energy systems, vol 3. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 788–821
https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/coking-coal. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Shadle L, Berry D, Syamlal M (2002) Coal conversion processes, gasification. Kirk-Othmer encyclopedia of chemical technology, vol 6. John Wiley & Sons, New York, pp 771–832
https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Coal_liquefaction. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
White PC, Zahradnik RL (1976) Coal liquefaction. Quarterly report pp. 1‒73
https://www.netl.doe.gov/research/Coal/energy-systems/gasification/gasifipedia/direct-liquefaction. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Liu W, Wang J, Bhattacharyya D, Jiang Y, DeVallance D (2017) Economic and environmental analyses of coal and biomass to liquid fuels. Energy 141:76–86
Demirbas A (2007) Utilization of coal as a source of chemicals. Energy Sources Part A Recov Utilization Enviro Effects 29:677–684
https://netl.doe.gov/research/coal/energy-systems/gasification/gasifipedia/coal-derived-chem. Accessed 20 Dec 2022
Chmielniak T, Sciazko M (2003) Co-gasification of biomas and coal for mrthanol synthesis. Appl Energy 74:393–403
Demirbas A (2002) Humid acid derivatives (HAD) from low rank brown coals. Energy Sources 24:117–123
Steinberg C, Münster U (1985) Geochemistry and ecological rol of humic substances in lakewater. In: Ailen GR, McKnight DM, Wershaw RL, MacCarthy P (eds) Humic substances in soil, sediment and water. Wiley, New York, pp 105–145
Syabryai VT, Reutov VA, Vigdergauz LM (1965) Preparation of humic fertilizers from brown coal. Geol Zh Akad Nauk Ukr RSR 25:39–47
Hänninen K, Mälkönen P, Hyvärinen K (1986) Cupric oxide oxidation products of humic acids from Finnish milled peat. In. Peat and water. Fuchsman CH (Ed.) London, Elsevier, pp.241‒261
Demirbas A (2003) Characterization of humic substances from lignite samoles. Energy Sources 25:23–32
Marshak S (2015) Earth: Portrait of a planet (3rd edition). WW Norton & Company, New York, p 880
Kraushaar J, Ristinen R (2015) Energy and the environment (2nd edition). John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, p 384
Fensome R, Williams G, Achab A, Clague J, Corrigan D, Monger J, Nowlan G (eds) (2014) Four billion years and counting: Canada’s geological heritage, 1st edn. Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences and Nimbus Publishing, Halifax, p 402
Feulner G (2017) Formation of most of our coal brought Earth close to global glaciation. Proc Nat Acad Sci 114:11333–11337
Vereshchagin VN (1961) Formation of coal during the Crataceous priod and its r
Comments (0)