Burnout in Trauma Surgeons During the COVID-19 Pandemic: a Long-standing Problem Worsens

ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics. https://icd.who.int/browse11/l-m/en. Accessed 18 Oct 2022

Schaufeli WB. Burnout: a short socio-cultural history. In: Neckel S, Schaffner AK, Greta W, editors. Burnout, fatigue, exhaustion: an interdisciplinary perspective on a modern affliction. Springer International Publishing, 2017.

Freudenberger HJ. Staff burn-out. J Soc Issues. 1974;30:159–65.

Article  Google Scholar 

Freudenberger HJ, North G. Women’s burnout: how to spot it, how to reverse it, and how to prevent it. New York, N.Y., U.S.A: Penguin Books; 1986.

Google Scholar 

Burnout | Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/burnout. Accessed 18 Oct 2022

Salmela-Aro K, Kiuru N, Leskinen E, Nurmi J. E School Burnout Inventory (SBI): reliability and validity. Eur J Psychol Assess. 2009;25:48–57. https://doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759.25.1.48.

Article  Google Scholar 

Salvagioni DAJ, Melanda FN, Mesas AE, González AD, Gabani FL, de Andrade SM. Physical, psychological and occupational consequences of job burnout: a systematic review of prospective studies. PLoS ONE. 2017;12:e0185781. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0185781.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rotenstein LS, Torre M, Ramos MA, Rosales RC, Guille C, Sen S, Mata DA. Prevalence of burnout among physicians: a systematic review. JAMA. 2018;320:1131–50. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2018.12777.

Article  Google Scholar 

Brown CVR, Joseph BA, Davis K, Jurkovich GJ. Modifiable factors to improve work-life balance for trauma surgeons. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2021;90:122–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000002910.

Article  Google Scholar 

Elkbuli A, Kinslow K, Boneva D, Liu H, Ang D, McKenney M. Addressing burnout among trauma surgeons. Am Surg. 2020;86:1175–7. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003134820945264.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dort J, Romanelli J, Choudhury N, et al. SAGES primer for taking care of yourself during and after the COVID-19 crisis. Surg Endosc. 2020;34:2856–62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-020-07631-3.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ruhnke GW. Physician supply during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) crisis: the role of hazard pay. J Gen Intern Med. 2020;35:2433–4. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05931-x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Richmond BK, Dean LS, Farrell TM. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical practice in the Southeastern United States: results of a survey of the membership of the Southeastern Surgical Congress. Am Surg. 2020;86:916–25. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003134820945203.

Article  Google Scholar 

Rao RC, Dlouhy BJ, Capell BC, Akeju O. The endangered physician-scientist and COVID-19. Cell Rep Med. 2021;2:100190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100190.

Article  Google Scholar 

Bishop R, Woerner JE, Stavropoulos F. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the professional career of women in oral and maxillofacial surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin N Am. 2021;33:475–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coms.2021.06.002.

Article  Google Scholar 

• Prasad K, McLoughlin C, Stillman M, et al. Prevalence and correlates of stress and burnout among U.S. healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national cross-sectional survey study. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;35:100879. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100879. (A survey of over 20,000 healthcare workers during the first year of the pandemic found that pandemic-related stress was higher among nursing assistants, medical assistants, social workers, inpatient workers, women, and persons of color, but those who felt valued by their organizations had 40% lower odds of burnout.)

Article  Google Scholar 

Tuna T, Özdin S. Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression, and burnout syndrome in physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Int J Ment Health Addict. 2021;19:2470–83. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00505-2.

Article  Google Scholar 

Guttormson JL, Calkins K, McAndrew N, Fitzgerald J, Losurdo H, Loonsfoot D. Critical care nurse burnout, moral distress, and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: a United States survey. Heart Lung. 2022;55:127–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrtlng.2022.04.015.

Article  Google Scholar 

Saragih ID, Tonapa SI, Saragih IS, Advani S, Batubara SO, Suarilah I, Lin C-J. Global prevalence of mental health problems among healthcare workers during the Covid-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Nurs Stud. 2021;121:104002. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.104002.

Article  Google Scholar 

Kinman G, Teoh K, Harriss A. Supporting the well-being of healthcare workers during and after COVID-19. Occup Med. 2020;70:294–6. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqaa096.

Article  Google Scholar 

Santarone K, McKenney M, Elkbuli A. Preserving mental health and resilience in frontline healthcare workers during COVID-19. Am J Emerg Med. 2020;38:1530–1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.04.030.

Article  Google Scholar 

•• Shanafelt TD, West CP, Dyrbye LN, Trockel M, Tutty M, Wang H, Carlasare LE, Sinsky C. Changes in burnout and satisfaction with work-life integration in physicians over the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Mayo Clin Proc 2022;S0025619622005158https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2022.09.002 (Burnout and dissatisfaction with work-life balance significantly worsened among physicians during the first stage of the pandemic.)

Whang O. Physician burnout has reached distressing levels. New Research Finds. N. Y Times; 2022.

Google Scholar 

Hope C, Reilly J-J, Griffiths G, Lund J, Humes D. The impact of COVID-19 on surgical training: a systematic review. Tech Coloproctology. 2021;25:505–20. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10151-020-02404-5.

Article  Google Scholar 

Clements JM, Burke JR, Hope C, Nally DM, Doleman B, Giwa L, Griffiths G, Lund JN. The quantitative impact of COVID-19 on surgical training in the United Kingdom. BJS Open. 2021;5:zrab051. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zrab051.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ellison EC, Nagler A, Stain SC, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on surgical trainee education and well-being spring 2020-winter 2020: A path forward. Am J Surg. 2022;223:395–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.05.018.

Article  Google Scholar 

• Coleman JR, Abdelsattar JM, Glocker RJ, RAS-ACS COVID-19 Task Force. COVID-19 pandemic and the lived experience of surgical residents, fellows, and early-career surgeons in the American College of Surgeons. J Am Coll Surg. 2021;232:119–13520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2020.09.026. (A survey of surgical trainees and early-career surgeons demonstrated widespread depression and burnout symptoms, with female sex and lack of wellness resources being positively correlated with both problems.)

Article  Google Scholar 

•• Shanafelt TD, Balch CM, Bechamps GJ, Russell T, Dyrbye L, Satele D, Collicott P, Novotny PJ, Sloan J, Freischlag JA. Burnout and career satisfaction among American surgeons. Ann Surg. 2009;250:463–71. https://doi.org/10.1097/SLA.0b013e3181ac4dfd. (American surgeons were surveyed on burnout, and 40% had burnout with 30% also screening positive for depression symptoms.)

Article  Google Scholar 

Shanafelt TD, Hasan O, Dyrbye LN, Sinsky C, Satele D, Sloan J, West CP. Changes in burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance in physicians and the general US working population between 2011 and 2014. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90:1600–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2015.08.023.

Article  Google Scholar 

•• Joseph B, Pandit V, Hadeed G, et al. Unveiling posttraumatic stress disorder in trauma surgeons: a national survey. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2014;77:148–54. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.000000000000027. (The first survey to examine PTSD among US trauma surgeons found that PTSD symptoms are common and that 15% of surveyed surgeons met diagnostic criteria for PTSD.)

Article  Google Scholar 

Jackson TN, Morgan JP, Jackson DL, Cook TR, McLean K, Agrawal V, Taubman KE, Truitt MS. The crossroads of posttraumatic stress disorder and physician burnout: a national review of United States trauma and nontrauma surgeons. Am Surg. 2019;85:127–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/000313481908500217.

Article  Google Scholar 

(2020) Trauma cases surge at Memorial Hermann-Texas Medical Center during COVID-19. In: memorialhermann. http://memorialhermann.org/services/specialties/trauma/about-us/newsletter/winter-2021/trauma-cases-surge. Accessed 18 Oct 2022

(2) Lisa Carter on Twitter: “I spent some time today with our medical director of adult trauma surgery. He has increased his hours to also cover the Covid ICU. He’s a trauma surgeon and he literally said to me…I don’t know how long I can do this. I’ve never seen anything like if. Please. Let that sink in.” / Twitter. https://twitter.com/CarterLisalisa/status/1440108295964987393. Accessed 18 Oct 2022

(2) RNZ Sunday Morning with Jim Mora on Twitter: “New Zealander @annajdare is the Chief Resident at the Trauma Surgery service at Toronto’s @Sunnybrook, but as of a few weeks ago she was redeployed to the ICU to cover shortages and help look after the hospital’s sickest Covid-19 patients. She Calling Home this morning. https://t.co/VJ8QQw7WVp”/Twitter. https://twitter.com/RNZSunday/status/1261735418027900935. Accessed 18 Oct 2022

(2) Vamsi Aribindi on Twitter: “@londyloo @docmartin22 @medjournalist @traumaicurounds @HarborUCLA @HarborTrauma @ACSTrauma @HennepinHC I’m sure I don’t need to tell you, but one of the saddest parts of COVID was that the lifeline to rural trauma patients was shut down. Level 1 trauma surgery ICU beds were taken up by MICU COVID overflows, and many SICU attendings and residents were drafted to do COVID work.” / Twitter. https://twitter.com/aribindi/status/1364701252832083969. Accessed 18 Oct 2022

(2022) The bizarre truth behind leadership burnout in 2022. In: Nurture Engaged Satisf. Workforce Vantage Circ. HR Blog. https://blog.vantagecircle.com/leadership-burnout/. Accessed 18 Oct 2022

Trauma surgeons develop algorithm to prepare for COVID-19. https://atriumhealth.org/dailydose/2020/04/20/trauma-surgeons-develop-algorithm-to-prepare-for-covid19. Accessed 18 Oct 2022

Pieracci FM, Burlew CC, Spain D, Livingston DH, Bulger EM, Davis KA, Michetti C. Tube thoracostomy during the COVID-19 pandemic: guidance and recommendations from the AAST Acute Care Surgery and Critical Care Committees. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2020;5:e000498. https://doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2020-000498.

Article  Google Scholar 

Michetti CP, Burlew CC, Bulger EM, Davis KA, Spain DA. Performing tracheostomy during the Covid-19 pandemic: guidance and recommendations from the Critical Care and Acute Care Surgery Committees of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma. Trauma Surg Acute Care Open. 2020;5:e000482. https://doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2020-000482.

Article  Google Scholar 

Coimbra R, Edwards S, Kurihara H, et al. European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) recommendations for trauma and emergency surgery preparation during times of COVID-19 infection. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2020;46:505–10. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-020-01364-7.

Article  Google Scholar 

Holmes EA, O’Connor RC, Perry VH, et al. Multidisciplinary research priorities for the COVID-19 pandemic: a call for action for mental health science. Lancet Psychiatry. 2020;7:547–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(20)30168-1.

Article  Google Scholar 

Pfefferbaum B, North CS. Mental health and the COVID-19 pandemic. N Engl J Med. 2020;383:510–2. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2008017.

Article  Google Scholar 

6.2 million unable to work because employer closed or lost business due to the pandemic, June 2021 : The Economics Daily: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. https://www.bls.gov/opub/ted/2021/6-2-million-unable-to-work-because-employer-closed-or-lost-business-due-to-the-pandemic-june-2021.htm. Accessed 18 Oct 2022

Sutherland M, McKenney M, Elkbuli A. Gun violence during COVID-19 pandemic: paradoxical trends in New York City, Chicago, Los Angeles and Baltimore. Am J Emerg Med. 2021;39:225–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajem.2020.05.006.

Article  Google Scholar 

Dawson DA. Temporal drinking patterns and variation in social consequences. Addiction. 1996;91:1623–35. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.911116234.x.

Article  Google Scholar 

Anglemyer A, Horvath T. Rutherford G (2014) The accessibility of firearms and risk for suicide and homicide victimization among household members: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2014;160:101–10. https://doi.org/10.7326/M13-1301.

Article  Google Scholar 

Donnelly MR, Grigorian A, Inaba K, Kuza CM, Kim D, Dolich M, Lekawa M, Nahmias J. A dual pandemic: the influence of coronavirus disease 2019 on trends and types of firearm violence in California, Ohio, and the United States. J Surg Res. 2021;263:24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jss.2021.01.018.

Article  Google Scholar 

Ssentongo P, Fronterre C, Ssentongo AE, Advani S, Heilbrunn ES, Hazelton JP, Oh JS, McCall-Hosenfeld JS, Chinchilli VM. Gun violence incidence during the COVID-19 pandemic is higher than before the pandemic in the United States. Sci Rep. 2021;11:20654. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-98813-z.

Article  Google Scholar 

Donnelly MR, Grigorian A, Swentek L, Arora J, Kuza CM, Inaba K, Kim D, Lekawa M, Nahmias J. Firearm violence against children in the United States: trends in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. J Trauma Acute Care Surg. 2022;92:65–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/TA.0000000000003347.

Article  Google Scholar 

Cohen JS, Donnelly K, Patel SJ, Badolato GM, Boyle MD, McCarter R, Goyal MK. Firearms injuries involving young children in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics. 2021;148:e2020042697. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-042697.

Article  Google Scholar 

Collings AT, Farazi M, Van Arendonk KJ, et al. (2022) The COVID-19 pandemic and associated rise in pediatric firearm injuries: a multi-institutional study. J Pediatr Surg. 2022;57:1370–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2022.03.034.

Article  Google Scholar 

Peña PA, Jena A. Mass shootings in the US during the COVID-19 pandemic. JAMA Netw Open. 2021;4:e2125388. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.25388.

Article  Google Scholar 

Balch CM, Shanafelt T. Combating stress and burnout in surgical practice: a review. Adv Surg. 2010;44:29–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yasu.2010.05.018.

Article 

Comments (0)

No login
gif