The main hydrophilic component of Salvia miltiorrhiza is magnesium lithospermate B. In high fat diet-induced obese mouse models, administration of magnesium lithospermate B could prevent obesity-related skeletal muscle atrophy by inhibiting MAFbx and MuRF1-mediated muscle degeneration [20]. Puerarin is a flavonoid isoflavone extracted from pueraria, which can reduce hyperglycemia and various diabetes-associated complications. After 8 weeks of oral administration of puerarin, the muscle strength and body mass of type I diabetes mellitus rats were enhanced, and the cross-sectional area of the skeletal muscle was also enlarged, which may be closely related to the fact that puerarin can activate AKT/mTOR and inhibit autophagy [21,22]. Tetramethylpyrazine is the main active component of Ligusticum wallichii Franchat. ITetramethylpyrazine may also ameliorate the disuse-induced loss of muscle mass by inhibiting calcium overload and reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated proteolysis and apoptosis [23]. Morus alba L., an effective traditional Chinese medicine or beneficial medical supplement, has been widely used to control blood glucose [56]. Morus alba L. could increase the levels of p-AMPK and PGC-1α in skeletal muscle and significantly improve insulin resistance and mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle and L6 myocytes of db/db mice through the AMPK-PGC-1α signaling pathway [24]. Ginsenosides, the main active compounds in ginseng, can prevent memory loss, and they have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetes mellitus, and anti-tumor effects [25,57]. In Drosophila melanogasters and dexamethasone-treated C2C12 myotube atrophy models, 20(S)-ginsenoside Rg3 has been confirmed to promote myoblast differentiation and protect myotube atrophy by regulating the AKT/mTOR/FoxO3 pathway [58,59]. In lipopolysaccharide-treated C2C12 myotubes, triptolide up-regulated protein synthesis signals (IGF-1/Akt/mTOR) and down-regulated protein degradation signal. Triptolide prevented LPS-induced inflammation and skeletal muscle atrophy and might be a novel agent for preventing muscle wasting [27]. Salidroside acts as a bioactive component of Rhodiola rosea and has various functions, such as anti-inflammation, antioxidant, and anti-apoptosis. In a denervation-induced muscle atrophy model, salidroside inhibited the overproduction of ROS and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6), decreased the expression of Foxo3A (a major mediator of skeletal muscle atrophy), inhibited the activation of UPS and ALP, which alleviated muscle atrophy [28,29]. Baicalin is a flavonoid glycoside extracted from Scutellaria baicalensis with anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects. It can effectively reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, decrease the expression of Cytochrome-c and apoptosis-inducing factors, and activate caspase-3 and caspase-9, thereby inhibiting apoptosis in C2C12 myoblasts and protecting skeletal muscle from injury [31]. Atractylenolide I is a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, inhibited the phosphorylation of STAT3 and PKM2, leading to the downregulation of glycolysis effect and p-SNAP23 expression, reduced EV secretion, thus attenuating muscle wasting and adipose degradation [60]. Corylifol A is one of the active ingredients isolated from Psoralea corylifolia L. and has a strong ability of myogenesis [61]. Corylifol A reduces the expression of muscle-specific E3 ubiquitin ligases (MAFbx and MuRF1) and MSTN while activating AKT and protecting myotubes from dexamethasone-induced injury [32]. To conclude, the active substances of traditional Chinese medicine mainly prevent and treat muscle atrophy through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms.