Figure 1. The relative growth rate of L. minor plants (based on counted frond number GRNUM and frond area GRAREA) after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6, respectively, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants were grown in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied. The average growth rate was calculated as the slope of the logarithmic growth curve.

Figure 1. The relative growth rate of L. minor plants (based on counted frond number GRNUM and frond area GRAREA) after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6, respectively, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants were grown in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied. The average growth rate was calculated as the slope of the logarithmic growth curve.

Figure 2. Chlorophyll a content in L. minor plants after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6 at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Figure 2. Chlorophyll a content in L. minor plants after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6 at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Figure 3. Chlorophyll b content in L. minor plants after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6, respectively, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Figure 3. Chlorophyll b content in L. minor plants after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6, respectively, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Figure 4. Total carotenoid contents in L. minor plants after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6, respectively, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Figure 4. Total carotenoid contents in L. minor plants after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6, respectively, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Table 1. The inhibition of growth of L. minor plants (based on counted frond number and frond area) after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6 at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation was represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Table 1. The inhibition of growth of L. minor plants (based on counted frond number and frond area) after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6 at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation was represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

AdditiveZnOB2O3Zn3BO6c [mg/L]I NUM [%]I AREA [%]I NUM [%]I AREA [%]I NUM [%]I AREA [%]1032.5± 6.57 a,b,c,d43.1± 2.02 b11.5± 3.68 a9.79± 8.20 a45.2± 7.15 c,d,e,f55.6± 2.82 b,c,d,e5043.7± 4.51 c,d,e,f48.3± 3.28 b,c,d20.1± 1.31 a,b45.4± 2.80 b,c39.7± 5.51 b,c,d,e,f70.0± 7.41 c,d,e,f10048.8± 4.85 c,d,e,f50.2± 7.57 b,c,d30.4± 7.40 a,b,c54.8± 5.06 b,c,d,e41.4± 5.13 b,c,d,e,f59.4± 19.9 b,c,d,e25036.4± 8.78 b,c,d,e56.6± 2.37 b,c,d,e85.8± 3.24 g94.5± 2.86 f,g,h59.0± 2.99 f71.6± 5.00 c,d,e,f50037.0± 6.70 b,c,d,e,f51.8± 1.08 b,c,d,e92.7± 5.22 g98.5± 3.31 g,h53.4± 2.12 d,e,f72.6± 2.72 d,e,f,g100038.2± 7.41 b,c,d,e,f50.5± 10.2 b,c,d92.1± 5.60 g101± 8.55 h56.7± 10.1 e,f76.8± 4.36 e,f,g,h

Table 2. The change in chlorophyll a and b content (calculated as a percentual inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis compared to control) in L. minor plants after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6, respectively, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Table 2. The change in chlorophyll a and b content (calculated as a percentual inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis compared to control) in L. minor plants after 7 days of growth in the solutions supplemented with ZnO, B2O3 or Zn3BO6, respectively, at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Control plants grew in Steinberg solution; standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

AdditiveZnOB2O3Zn3BO6c [mg/L]I CHL a [%]I CHL b [%]I CAROT [%]I CHL a [%]I CHL b [%]I CAROT [%]I CHL a [%]I CHL b [%]I CAROT [%]1032.8± 1.88 b−7.50± 2.43 a16.2± 2.68 a,b7.58± 2.79 A7.35± 1.96 A,B6.49± 2.93 A41.2± 5.39 β,γ14.4± 7.72 α,β26.0± 8.54 α,β,γ,δ5030.4± 2.95 b−10.7± 7.98 a16.1± 4.27 a,b40.7± 12.4 B,C18.1± 12.0 A,B40.2± 12.9 C,D,E42.7± 5.33 β,γ16.7± 18.9 α,β29.9± 4.48 β,γ,δ10037.1± 2.09 b4.40± 4.95 a,b21.1± 1.45 a,b,c47.4± 8.83 B,C,D18.1± 17.2 A,B46.1± 8.31 D,E46.0± 4.91 β,γ,δ30.8± 20.1 α,β,γ29.6± 2.06 β,γ,δ25035.2± 0.41 b5.33± 6.39 a,b18.5± 0.42 a,b,c89.4± 1.06 F68.1± 2.71 D84.5± 0.88 G47.5± 6.84 β,γ,δ14.9± 15.8 α,β37.3± 2.29 β,γ,δ,ε50041.6± 1.09 b,c15.2± 4.95 a,b24.3± 3.84 a,b,c,d93.7± 0.71 F68.5± 4.99 C,D91.2± 2.93 G57.7± 4.04 γ,δ32.3± 2.35 α,β,γ46.0± 4.75 δ,ε100041.8± 1.44 b,c18.6± 5.33 a,b24.3± 3.36 a,b,c,d86.4± 2.49 E,F50.0± 12.2 A,B,C82.2± 1.01 F,G64.6± 15.4 δ,ε44.0± 22.0 β,γ,δ55.9± 17.0 ε,ζ

Table 3. The inhibition of root elongation content (calculated as a percentual inhibition of root growth compared to control) of white mustard (Sinapis alba), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and clover (Trifolium pratense) after 3 days of seed germination in a solution supplemented with ZnO at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Table 3. The inhibition of root elongation content (calculated as a percentual inhibition of root growth compared to control) of white mustard (Sinapis alba), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and clover (Trifolium pratense) after 3 days of seed germination in a solution supplemented with ZnO at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

I [%]c [mg/L]S. albaL. sativaT. pratense10−52.6± 3.83 a12.8± 4.00 C−0.317± 4.36 α50−71.4± 4.26 c39.4± 1.66 A−2.38± 4.26 α100−96.5± 5.33 b34.7± 2.73 A21.1± 8.36 β500−56.2± 4.53 a51.0± 1.66 B44.4± 6.29 γ1000−20.1± 1.28 d56.4± 3.31 B35.0± 6.42 β,γ

Table 4. The inhibition of root elongation (calculated as a percentual inhibition of root growth compared to control) of white mustard (Sinapis alba), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and clover (Trifolium pratense) after 3 days of seed germination in a solution supplemented with B2O3 at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Table 4. The inhibition of root elongation (calculated as a percentual inhibition of root growth compared to control) of white mustard (Sinapis alba), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and clover (Trifolium pratense) after 3 days of seed germination in a solution supplemented with B2O3 at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

I [%]c [mg/L]S. albaL. sativaT. pratense10−55.9± 8.70 a17.9± 2.19 A1.27± 3.44 α50−50.3± 3.76 a18.4± 2.73 A−2.54± 1.00 α100−53.2± 1.30 a14.8± 2.82 A−13.9± 2.35 β50010.6± 2.82 b39.8± 6.26 B55.5± 1.00 γ100036.3± 4.10 c82.8± 4.07 C66.9± 2.62 δ

Table 5. The inhibition of root elongation (calculated as a percentual inhibition of root growth compared to control) of white mustard (Sinapis alba), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and clover (Trifolium pratense) after 3 days of seed germination in a solution supplemented with Zn3BO6 at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

Table 5. The inhibition of root elongation (calculated as a percentual inhibition of root growth compared to control) of white mustard (Sinapis alba), lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and clover (Trifolium pratense) after 3 days of seed germination in a solution supplemented with Zn3BO6 at concentrations of 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/L. Standard deviation is represented as ± S.D. (n = 3), and two-way ANOVA test with Dunnett’s multiple comparisons was applied.

I [%]c [mg/L]S. albaL. sativaT. pratense10−86.2± 8.34 b13.2± 1.63 A−13.3± 2.35 γ50−107± 4.17 a19.7± 0.542 B10.3± 3.34 α100−119± 2.37 a31.5± 1.25 C3.65± 7.22 α500−105± 7.78 a42.5± 2.87 D35.7± 3.24 β1000−28.2± 6.40 c53.2± 3.13 E44.4± 2.65 β