*Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center NY

†Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

‡School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK

§Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA

Presented by Elements of this work were presented virtually by CDM at the 2022 PANDA Symposium hosted by the Department of Anesthesiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, in New York City, NY, USA on February 19-20, 2022.

Supported by NIH R01GM137213-01 to CDM.

The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose.

Address correspondence to: Cyrus David Mintz, MD, PhD. E-mail: [email protected].