Background A crucial issue directly affecting the wellbeing of the human race is water quality. Within a few decades, a greater reliance on groundwater was needed to supply water for drinking, agriculture, and other uses due to the scarcity and contamination of surface water. To forecast its long-term use and increase output, irrigated agriculture requires high-quality water, which must be measured. Objective The goals of the current study are to comprehend the hydro-geochemistry, drinking water appropriateness, and occurrence of hydro-geochemistry concepts in the groundwater of the gold mining regions of Osun State, South-West Nigeria. Method Standardized analytical methods were used in the research. All sampling, conservation, transportation, and analysis were carried out in accordance with APHA guidelines (2012). To prevent deterioration of the organic compounds, all acquired samples were sent to research laboratory, while maintaining in an icebox. Results The study also identifies critical pollutants, affecting the ground water quality within its course through the gold mining areas of Osun State. Finally, Colour, pH, DO, EC, TDS, TSS, TS, Hardness, Magnesium, Nitrate, Phosphate, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, Manganese, Mercury and Arsenic have been found to be critical parameters for the stretch in each season of this research. Conclusion The authors advise developing ongoing systems for monitoring water quality as well as efficient management techniques to prevent excessive groundwater pollution. These findings will therefore aid decision-makers in managing pollution in Osun State's gold mining zones and better understanding the impact of different seasons on water quality. The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for the future monitoring of the effects of anthropogenic activities on local watercourses when mining companies are developed. This requires consideration in terms of both regulatory measures and proactive initiatives for addressing the ensuing issues in the future. In order to maintain sustainability, a long-term monitoring plan is suggested in this study to be implemented into the groundwater bodies to restore their quality.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

This study did not receive any funding

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