Disclosure: None

Acknowledgments

We thank the participants of the NHANES III and Continuous NHANES survey for their important contributions. SP was supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Training Grant (T32 DK072922). The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), or the NIH.

Author Contributions:

Shirin Pourafshar: Conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, writing initial draft, reviewing and editing final draft; Binu Sharma: Data curation, formal analysis, methodology, visualization, reviewing and editing final draft; Sibylle Kranz: Conceptualization, supervision, reviewing and editing final draft; Indika Mallawaarachchi: Methodology, reviewing and editing final draft; Elizabeth Kurland: Project administration, reviewing and editing final draft; Jennie Ma: Methodology, supervision, reviewing and editing final draft; Julia Scialla: Conceptualization, supervision, writing initial draft, reviewing and editing final draft.

All authors approved the final manuscript.