Different techniques for sex prediction are developed and used in the forensic medicine field. One of these methods is based on the teeth morphometry. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degree of sex determination of the maxillary and mandibular first molar teeth in cone beam computed tomography images.

This study was carried out on cone beam computed tomography images of 100 men and 100 women with a mean age of 21.28 ± 2.47 years. The roof, floor and height of pulp chamber, as well as marginal enamel thickness and dentin thickness at the height of contour, tooth width, and crown length were measured. Student t test and discriminant analysis were applied to assess the differences in the measured parameters between men and women.

According to the present study, the maxillary first molar was more dimorphic than the mandibular teeth. The accuracy of sex identification of mandibular and maxillary first molar tooth was 84% and 77%, respectively. The mesiodistal measured variables were more accurate in sexual differentiation than the buccolingual ones. For sex differentiation, the most dominant variables for maxillary and mandibular first molar teeth were crown height and dentin thickness, respectively.

The first molar tooth showed an acceptable level of sex determination accuracy based on the odontometric measurements.