1. Akoglu, H . User’s guide to correlation coefficients. Turk J Emerg Med. 2018;18:91-93.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline2. Alele, FO, Malau-Aduli, BS, Malau-Aduli, AEO, Crowe, MJ. Epidemiology of exertional heat illness in the military: a systematic review of observational studies. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17:7037.
Google Scholar | Crossref3. Anderson, SA . The junction boys syndrome. J Strength Cond Res. 2012;26:1179-1180.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline4. Armstrong, L, Casa, D, Millard-Stafford, M, Moran, D, Pyne, S, Roberts, W. American College of Sports Medicine position stand: exertional heat illness during training and competition. Med Sci Sport Exer. 2007;39:556-572.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI5. Barnes, SR, Ambrose, JF, Maule, AL, et al. Incidence, timing, and seasonal patterns of heat illnesses during U.S. Army basic combat training, 2014-2018. MSMR. 2019;26:7-14.
Google Scholar | Medline6. Bergeron, MF, Nindl, BC, Deuster, PA, et al. Consortium for Health and Military Performance and American College of Sports Medicine consensus paper on extreme conditioning programs in military personnel. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2011;10:383-389.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI7. Boden, BP, Fine, KM, Breit, I, Lentz, W, Anderson, SA. Nontraumatic exertional fatalities in football players, part 1: epidemiology and effectiveness of National Collegiate Athletic Association bylaws. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8:2325967120942490.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI8. Boden, BP, Fine, KM, Spencer, TA, Breit, I, Anderson, SA. Nontraumatic exertional fatalities in football players, part 2: excess in conditioning kills. Orthop J Sports Med. 2020;8:2325967120943491.
Google Scholar | SAGE Journals | ISI9. Boden, BP, Isaacs, DJ, Ahmed, AE, Anderson, SA. Epidemiology of exertional rhabdomyolysis in the United States: analysis of NEISS database 2000 to 2019. Phys Sportsmed. Published online July 30, 2021. doi:10.1080/00913847.2021.1956288
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline10. Bolonchuk, WW . The Accuracy of the Six Minute Run Test to Measure Cardiorespiratory Fitness. University of North Dakota; 1975. Accessed October 22, 2021. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED103412.pdf
Google Scholar11. Brahler, CJ, Blank, SE. VersaClimbing elicits higher VO2max than does treadmill running or rowing ergometry. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:249-254.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline12. Coyle, EF . Cardiovascular drift during prolonged exercise and the effects of dehydration. Int J Sports Med. 1998;19(suppl 2):S121-S124.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline13. Cureton, KJ, Slonger, MA, O’Bannon, JP, Black, DM, McCormack, WP. A generalized equation for prediction of VO2peak from 1-mile run/walk performance. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1995;27:445-451.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline14. Day, JR, Rossiter, HB, Coats, EM, Skasick, A, Whipp, BJ. The maximally attainable VO2 during exercise in humans: the peak vs. maximum issue. J Appl Physiol (1985). 2003;95:1901-1907.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI15. Eichner, ER . Football team rhabdomyolysis: the pain beats the gain and the coach is to blame. Curr Sports Med Rep. 2018;17:142-143.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline16. Flegal, KM, Kit, BK, Graubard, BI. Body mass index categories in observational studies of weight and risk of death. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;180:288-296.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline17. Hawkins, MN, Raven, PB, Snell, PG, Stray-Gundersen, J, Levine, BD. Maximal oxygen uptake as a parametric measure of cardiorespiratory capacity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2007;39:103-107.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI18. Hedlund, DP . Performance of future elite players at the National Football League Scouting Combine. J Strength Cond Res. 2018;32:3112-3118.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline19. Hoffman, JR . The applied physiology of American football. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2008;3:387-392.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline20. Hong, SH, Yang, HI, Kim, DI, Gonzales, TI, Brage, S, Jeon, JY. Validation of submaximal step tests and the 6-min walk test for predicting maximal oxygen consumption in young and healthy participants. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019;16:4858.
Google Scholar | Crossref21. Jensen, K, Jorgensen, S, Johansen, L. A metabolic cart for measurement of oxygen uptake during human exercise using inspiratory flow rate. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2002;87:202-206.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline22. Kaltenbach, M, Scherer, D, Dowinsky, S. Complications of exercise testing. A survey in three German-speaking countries. Eur Heart J. 1982;3:199-202.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline23. Kaminsky, LA, Arena, R, Myers, J. Reference standards for cardiorespiratory fitness measured with cardiopulmonary exercise testing: data from the Fitness Registry and the Importance of Exercise National Database. Mayo Clin Proc. 2015;90:1515-1523.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline24. Kerr, ZY, Casa, DJ, Marshall, SW, Comstock, RD. Epidemiology of exertional heat illness among U.S. high school athletes. Am J Prev Med. 2013;44:8-14.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI25. Lisman, P, Kazman, JB, O’Connor, FG, Heled, Y, Deuster, PA. Heat tolerance testing: association between heat intolerance and anthropometric and fitness measurements. Mil Med. 2014;179:1339-1346.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline26. Mänttäri, A, Suni, J, Sievänen, H, et al. Six-minute walk test: a tool for predicting maximal aerobic power (VO2max) in healthy adults. Clin Physiol Funct Imaging. Published online May 31, 2018. doi:10.1111/cpf.12525
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline27. Matabuena, M, Vidal, JC, Hayes, PR, Huelin Trillo, F. A 6-minute sub-maximal run test to predict VO2max. J Sports Sci. 2018;36:2531-2536.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline28. McMurray, RG . Concepts in Fitness Programming. Vol. 1. CRC Press; 1998.
Google Scholar29. Mezzani, A . Cardiopulmonary exercise testing: basics of methodology and measurements. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2017;14(suppl 1):S3-S11.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline30. Molloy, JM, Feltwell, DN, Scott, SJ, Niebuhr, DW. Physical training injuries and interventions for military recruits. Mil Med. 2012;177:553-558.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline31. National Federation of State High School Associations . Participation statistics. Accessed October 22, 2021. http://www.nfhs.org/participationstatistics.aspx
Google Scholar32. Orr, RM, Cohen, BS, Allison, SC, Bulathsinhala, L, Zambraski, EJ, Jaffrey, M. Models to predict injury, physical fitness failure and attrition in recruit training: a retrospective cohort study. Mil Med Res. 2020;7:26.
Google Scholar | Medline33. Pincivero, DM, Bompa, TO. A physiological review of American football. Sports Med. 1997;23:247-260.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI34. Poole, DC, Burnley, M, Vanhatalo, A, Rossiter, HB, Jones, AM. Critical power: an important fatigue threshold in exercise physiology. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2016;48:2320-2334.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline35. Rav-Acha, M, Hadad, E, Epstein, Y, Heled, Y, Moran, DS. Fatal exertional heat stroke: a case series. Am J Med Sci. 2004;328:84-87.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline36. Rossi Neto, JM, Tebexreni, AS, Alves, ANF, et al. Cardiorespiratory fitness data from 18,189 participants who underwent treadmill cardiopulmonary exercise testing in a Brazilian population. PLoS One. 2019;14:e0209897.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline37. Rossiter, HB, Kowalchuk, JM, Whipp, BJ. A test to establish maximum O2 uptake despite no plateau in the O2 uptake response to ramp incremental exercise.J Appl Physiol (1985). 2006;100:764-770.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline38. Rowland, TW . Does peak VO2 reflect VO2max in children? Evidence from supramaximal testing. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1993;25:689-693.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI39. Schoenmakers, PP, Hettinga, FJ, Reed, KE. The moderating role of recovery durations in high-intensity interval-training protocols. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2019;14:859-867.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline40. Tanner, RK, Gore, CJ. Quality assurance in Australian exercise physiology laboratories in quest of excellence. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2006;1:58-60.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline41. Tanner, RK, Gore, CJ. Calibration of Vacumed Vista Mini-MX versus NSSQA “MaxII” Calibrator (National Sport Science Quality Assurance Program). Australian Institute of Sport; 2006:1-11.
Google Scholar42. Tidd, J . KS college’s review of football player’s death “grossly inadequate,” NJ congressman says. The Wichita Eagle. Accessed May 15, 2020. https://www.kansas.com/sports/college/football/article230017669.html
Google Scholar43. van Mechelen, W, Hlobil, H, Kemper, HC. Validation of two running tests as estimates of maximal aerobic power in children. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1986;55:503-506.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI44. Walters Inc. An independent evaluation of procedures and protocols related to the June 2018 death of a University of Maryland football student-athlete . Accessed October 22, 2021. https://www.usmd.edu/newsroom/Walters-Report-to-USM-Board-of-Regents.pdf
Google Scholar45. Wenger, HA, Bell, GJ. The interactions of intensity, frequency and duration of exercise training in altering cardiorespiratory fitness. Sports Med. 1986;3:346-356.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI46. Westwood, CS, Fallowfield, JL, Delves, SK, Nunns, M, Ogden, HB, Layden, JD. Individual risk factors associated with exertional heat illness: a systematic review. Exp Physiol. 2021;106:191-199.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline47. Wilmore, JH, Haskell, WL. Body composition and endurance capacity of professional football players. J Appl Physiol. 1972;33:564-567.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline | ISI48. Wingo, JE, Stone, T, Ng, J. Cardiovascular drift and maximal oxygen uptake during running and cycling in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2020;52:1924-1932.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline49. Yeargin, SW, Dickinson, JJ, Emerson, DM, Koller, J, Torres-McGehee, TM, Kerr, ZY. Exertional heat illness risk factors and physiological responses of youth football players. J Sport Health Sci. 2021;10:91-98.
Google Scholar | Crossref | Medline