1.
Finucane, MM, Stevens, GA, Cowan, MJ et al. National, regional, and global trends in body-mass index since 1980: systematic analysis of health examination surveys and epidemiological studies with 960 country-years and 9·1 million participants. Lancet. 2011;377(9765):557–67.
Google Scholar |
Crossref2.
Basterra-Gortari, FJ, Bes-Rastrollo, M, Ruiz-Canela, M, Gea, A, Martinez-Gonzalez, MÁ. Prevalence of obesity and diabetes in Spanish adults 1987-2012. Med Clin (Barc). 2017;148(6):250–256.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline3.
Aranceta-Bartrina, J, Pérez-Rodrigo, C. Childhood obesity: an unresolved issue. Rev Espanola Cardiol. 2018;71(11):888–91.
Google Scholar |
Medline4.
Ezzati, M, Riboli, E. Behavioral and dietary risk factors for noncommunicable diseases. N Engl J Med. 2013;369(10):954–64.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline5.
Hendriks, A-M, Jansen, MWJ, Gubbels, JS, De Vries, NK, Paulussen, T, Kremers, SPJ. Proposing a conceptual framework for integrated local public health policy, applied to childhood obesity—the behavior change ball. Implement Sci. 2013;8:46.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI6.
LeBlanc, ES, Patnode, CD, Webber, EM, Redmond, N, Rushkin, M, O’Connor, EA. Behavioral and pharmacotherapy weight loss interventions to prevent obesity-related morbidity and mortality in adults: updated evidence report and systematic review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA. 2018;320(11):1172–91.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline7.
Malik, VS, Popkin, BM, Bray, GA, Després, J-P, Hu, FB. Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation. 2010;121(11):1356–64.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline8.
Kopec, JA, Finès, P, Manuel, DG et al. Validation of population-based disease simulation models: a review of concepts and methods. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:710.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI9.
Eddy, DM, Hollingworth, W, Caro, JJ et al. Model transparency and validation: a report of the ISPOR-SMDM Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force-7. Med Decis Making. 2012;32(5):733–43.
Google Scholar |
SAGE Journals10.
Weatherly, H, Drummond, M, Claxton, K et al. Methods for assessing the cost-effectiveness of public health interventions: key challenges and recommendations. Health Policy Amst Neth. 2009;93(2–3):85–92.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI11.
Karnon, J, Stahl, J, Brennan, A, Caro, JJ, Mar, J, Möller, J. Modeling using discrete event simulation: a report of the ISPOR-SMDM Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force-4. Med Decis Making Int. 2012;32(5):701–11.
Google Scholar12.
Stahl, JE. Modelling methods for pharmacoeconomics and health technology assessment: an overview and guide. Pharmacoeconomics. 2008;26(2):131–48.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline13.
Global Burden of Metabolic Risk Factors for Chronic Diseases Collaboration (BMI Mediated Effects), Lu Y, Hajifathalian K, Ezzati M, et al . Metabolic mediators of the effects of body-mass index, overweight, and obesity on coronary heart disease and stroke: a pooled analysis of 97 prospective cohorts with 1·8 million participants. Lancet. 2014;383(9921):970–83.
Google Scholar14.
Spanish National Statistics Institute . Spanish National Health Survey 2011-2012. Spanish National Health Statistics 2017. Spanish Government; 2017 Accessed 23 May 2018. Available from:
http://www.ine.es/dyngs/INEbase/en/operacion.htm?c=Estadistica_C&cid=1254736176783&menu=resultados&secc=1254736195295&idp=1254735573175 Google Scholar15.
Flegal, KM, Kit, BK, Orpana, H, Graubard, BI. Association of all-cause mortality with overweight and obesity using standard body mass index categories: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA. 2013;309(1):71–82.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI16.
Holden, SH, Barnett, AH, Peters, JR et al. The incidence of type 2 diabetes in the United Kingdom from 1991 to 2010. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2013;15(9):844–52.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline17.
Spanish Ministry of Health . CMBD discharges record on hospitalization and specialized out-patient care. Accessed July 19, 2016. Available from:
https://www.mscbs.gob.es/estadEstudios/estadisticas/estadisticas/estMinisterio/SolicitudCMBD.htm Google Scholar18.
Beguiristain, JM, Mar, J, Arrazola, A. The cost of cerebrovascular accident [in Spanish]. Rev Neurol. 2005;40(7):406–11.
Google Scholar19.
Trujillo Martín, M, Ramos Goñi, J, García García, F et al. Efectividad, seguridad y eficiencia de los stents recubiertos de fármacos. Informes de Evaluación de Tecnologías Sanitarias SESCS Núm. 2010/01. Madrid: Plan Nacional para el Sistema Nacional de Salud del Ministerio de Sanidad y Política Social e Igualdad. Servicio de Evaluación del Servicio Canario de la Salud; 2012.
Google Scholar20.
Mata, M, Antoñanzas, F, Tafalla, M, Sanz, P. The cost of type 2 diabetes in Spain: the CODE-2 study [in Spanish]. Gac Sanit. 2002;16(6):511–20.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline21.
Gomis, R, Artola, S, Conthe, P et al. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in overweight or obese outpatients in Spain. OBEDIA Study [in Spanish]. Med Clin (Barc). 2014;142(11):485–92.
Google Scholar |
Medline22.
Kenchaiah, S, Evans, JC, Levy D, Wilson, et al. Obesity and the risk of heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2002;347(5):305–13.
Google Scholar |
Crossref23.
Boehme, MWJ, Buechele, G, Frankenhauser-Mannuss, J et al. Prevalence, incidence and concomitant co-morbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus in South Western Germany—a retrospective cohort and case control study in claims data of a large statutory health insurance. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:855.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline24.
Spanish National Statistics Institute . INEbase. Demography and population. Accessed July 19, 2016. Available from:
https://www.ine.es/en/index.htm Google Scholar25.
Briggs, AH, Weinstein, MC, Fenwick, EAL et al. Model parameter estimation and uncertainty analysis: a report of the ISPOR-SMDM Modeling Good Research Practices Task Force Working Group-6. Med Decis Making. 2012;32(5):722–32.
Google Scholar |
SAGE Journals26.
Koehler, E, Brown, E, Haneuse, SJ-PA. On the assessment of Monte Carlo error in simulation-based statistical analyses. Am Stat. 2009;63(2):155–62.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline27.
Román, R, Comas, M, Hoffmeister, L, Castells, X. Determining the lifetime density function using a continuous approach. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2007;61(10):923–5.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline28.
Mar, J, Arrospide, A, Comas, M. Budget impact analysis of thrombolysis for stroke in Spain: a discrete event simulation model. Value Health. 2010;13(1):69–76.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline29.
Kleinbaum, DG, Klein, M. Survival Analysis: A Self-Learning Text. 3rd ed. New York: Springer; 2011.
Google Scholar30.
Arrospide, A, Machón, M, Ramos-Goñi, JM, Ibarrondo, O, Mar, J. Inequalities in health-related quality of life according to age, gender, educational level, social class, body mass index and chronic diseases using the Spanish value set for Euroquol 5D-5L questionnaire. Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2019;17(1):69.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline31.
Barnett, KN, Ogston, SA, McMurdo, MET, Morris, AD, Evans, JMM. A 12-year follow-up study of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality among 10,532 people newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes in Tayside, Scotland. Diabet Med. 2010;27(10):1124–9.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline32.
Ramos-Goñi, JM, Craig, BM, Oppe, M et al. Handling data quality issues to estimate the Spanish EQ-5D-5L value set using a hybrid interval regression approach. Value Health. 2018;21(5):596–604.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline33.
Arrospide, A, Ramos-Goñi, JM, Pechlivanoglou, P, Mar, J. Application of two-part models and Cholesky decomposition to incorporate covariate-adjusted utilities in probabilistic cost-effectiveness models. Gac Sanit. 2020;34(1):91–5.
Google Scholar |
Crossref34.
Briggs, ADM, Mytton, OT, Kehlbacher, A, Tiffin, R, Rayner, M, Scarborough, P. Overall and income specific effect on prevalence of overweight and obesity of 20% sugar sweetened drink tax in UK: econometric and comparative risk assessment modelling study. BMJ. 2013;347:f6189.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline35.
Vemer, P, Corro Ramos, I, van Voorn, GAK, Al, MJ, Feenstra, TL. AdViSHE: a validation-assessment tool of health-economic models for decision makers and model users. Pharmacoeconomics. 2016;34(4):349–61.
Google Scholar |
Crossref36.
Weinstein, MC, O’Brien, B, Hornberger, J et al. Principles of good practice for decision analytic modeling in health-care evaluation: report of the ISPOR Task Force on Good Research Practices—modeling studies. Value Health. 2003;6(1):9–17.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI37.
Barton, P, Andronis, L, Briggs, A, McPherson, K, Capewell, S. Effectiveness and cost effectiveness of cardiovascular disease prevention in whole populations: modelling study. BMJ. 2011;343:d4044.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline38.
Briggs, ADM, Cobiac, LJ, Wolstenholme, J, Scarborough, P. PRIMEtime CE: a multistate life table model for estimating the cost-effectiveness of interventions affecting diet and physical activity. BMC Health Serv Res. 2019;19(1):485.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline39.
Briggs, A, Sculpher, M, Claxton, K. Decision Modelling for Health Economic Evaluation. Oxford (UK): Oxford University Press; 2006.
Google Scholar40.
Hankey, G. Stroke Treatment and Prevention: An Evidence-Based Approach. 2nd ed. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press; 2009.
Google Scholar41.
Löwel, H, Meisinger, C, Heier, M, Hörmann, A. The population-based acute myocardial infarction (AMI) registry of the MONICA/KORA study region of Augsburg. Gesundheitswesen. 2005;67(suppl 1):S31–7.
Google Scholar |
Crossref42.
Merino Ventosa, M, Urbanos-Garrido, RM. Disentangling effects of socioeconomic status on obesity: a cross-sectional study of the Spanish adult population. Econ Hum Biol. 2016;22:216–24.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline43.
Ananthapavan, J, Nguyen, PK, Bowe, SJ et al. Cost-effectiveness of community-based childhood obesity prevention interventions in Australia. Int J Obes. 2019;43(5):1102–12.
Google Scholar |
Crossref44.
Barbieri, M, Désesquelles, A, Egidi, V et al. Obesity-related mortality in France, Italy, and the United States: a comparison using multiple cause-of-death analysis. Int J Public Health. 2017;62(6):623–9.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline45.
Soto-Gordoa, M, Arrospide, A, Moreno-Izco, F, Martínez-Lage, P, Castilla, I, Mar, J. Projecting burden of dementia in Spain, 2010-2050: impact of modifying risk factors. J Alzheimers Dis. 2015;48(3):721–30.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline46.
Brayne, C. The elephant in the room—healthy brains in later life, epidemiology and public health. Nat Rev Neurosci. 2007;8(3):233–9.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline47.
Ben-Shlomo, Y, Kuh, D. A life course approach to chronic disease epidemiology: conceptual models, empirical challenges and interdisciplinary perspectives. Int J Epidemiol. 2002;31(2):285–93.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline48.
Kushner, RF, Ryan, DH. Assessment and lifestyle management of patients with obesity: clinical recommendations from systematic reviews. JAMA. 2014;312(9):943–52.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline49.
James, PA, Oparil, S, Carter, BL et al. Evidence-based guideline for the management of high blood pressure in adults: report from the panel members appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8). JAMA. 2014;311(5):507–20.
Google Scholar |
Crossref50.
de Carvalho, TM, Heijnsdijk, EAM, Coffeng, L, de Koning, HJ. Evaluating parameter uncertainty in a simulation model of cancer using emulators. Med Decis Making. 2019;39(4):405–13.
Google Scholar |
SAGE Journals51.
Castilla, I, Mar, J, Valcárcel-Nazco, C, Arrospide, A, Ramos-Goñi, JM. Cost-utility analysis of gastric bypass for severely obese patients in Spain. Obes Surg. 2014;24(12):2061–8.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline52.
Ward, ZJ, Long, MW, Resch, SC, Giles, CM, Cradock, AL, Gortmaker, SL. Simulation of growth trajectories of childhood obesity into adulthood. N Engl J Med. 2017;377(22):2145–53.
Google Scholar |
Crossref
Comments (0)