1. Lambert H, Gupte J, Fletcher H, Hammond L, Lowe N, Pelling M, et al. COVID-19 as a global challenge: towards an inclusive and sustainable future. Lancet Planet Health. 2020 Aug;4(8):e312–4.
Google Scholar2. Park C, Majeed A, Gill H, Tamura J, Ho RC, Mansur RB, et al. The Effect of Loneliness on Distinct Health Outcomes: A Comprehensive Review and Meta-Analysis. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Dec;294:113514.
Google Scholar3. Xiong J, Lipsitz O, Nasri F, Lui LMW, Gill H, Phan L, et al. Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health in the general population: A systematic review. J Affect Disord. 2020 Aug 8;277:55–64.
Google Scholar4. The global economic outlook during the COVID-19 pandemic: A changed world [Internet]. [cited 2021 Jan 2]. Available from: https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2020/06/08/the-global-economic-outlook-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-a-changed-world.
Google Scholar5. Every-Palmer S, Jenkins M, Gendall P, Hoek J, Beaglehole B, Bell C, et al. Psychological distress, anxiety, family violence, suicidality, and wellbeing in New Zealand during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One. 2020 Nov 4;15(11):e0241658.
Google Scholar6. Holland KM, Jones C, Vivolo-Kantor AM, Idaikkadar N, Zwald M, Hoots B, et al. Trends in US Emergency Department Visits for Mental Health, Overdose, and Violence Outcomes Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. JAMA Psychiatry [Internet]. 2021 Feb 3; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2020.4402.
Google Scholar7. Chang S-S, Gunnell D, Sterne JAC, Lu T-H, Cheng ATA. Was the economic crisis 1997–1998 responsible for rising suicide rates in East/Southeast Asia? A time–trend analysis for Japan, Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore and Thailand. Soc Sci Med. 2009 Apr 1;68(7):1322–31.
Google Scholar8. Reeves A, Stuckler D, McKee M, Gunnell D, Chang S-S, Basu S. Increase in state suicide rates in the USA during economic recession. Lancet. 2012 Nov 24;380(9856):1813–4.
Google Scholar9. Stuckler D, Basu S, Suhrcke M, Coutts A, McKee M. The public health effect of economic crises and alternative policy responses in Europe: an empirical analysis. Lancet. 2009 Jul 25;374(9686):315–23.
Google Scholar10. Matsubayashi T, Sekijima K, Ueda M. Government spending, recession, and suicide: evidence from Japan [Internet]. Vol. 20, BMC Public Health. 2020. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-8264-1.
Google Scholar11. Steeg S, Carr MJ, Mok PLH, Pedersen CB, Antonsen S, Ashcroft DM, et al. Temporal trends in incidence of hospital-treated self-harm among adolescents in Denmark: national register-based study [Internet]. Vol. 55, Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology. 2020. p. 415–21. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00127-019-01794-8.
Google Scholar12. Tanaka T, Okamoto S. Increase in suicide following an initial decline during the COVID-19 pandemic in Japan. Nat Hum Behav. 2021 Feb;5(2):229–38.
Google Scholar13. Service Canada. Canada Emergency Response Benefit (CERB) - Canada.Ca [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 20]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/services/benefits/ei/cerb-application.html.
Google Scholar14. Canada Revenue Agency. Canada Emergency Student Benefit (CESB) [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 20]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/revenue-agency/services/benefits/emergency-student-benefit.html.
Google Scholar15. Bombardieri J. Legislative Update: Coronavirus Legislation. MD Advis. 2020 Spring;13(2):38–44.
Google Scholar16. Public Health Agency of Canada. Mental health support: get help - Canada.ca [Internet]. 2017 [cited 2021 Feb 20]. Available from: https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/mental-health-services/mental-health-get-help.html.
Google Scholar17. Help starts here - 211.Ca [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 20]. Available from: https://211.ca/.
Google Scholar18. McIntyre RS, Lee Y. Preventing suicide in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. World Psychiatry. 2020 Jun;19(2):250–1.
Google Scholar19. McIntyre RS, Lee Y. Projected increases in suicide in Canada as a consequence of COVID-19. Psychiatry Res. 2020 Aug;290:113104.
Google Scholar20. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Selected grouped causes of death, by week [Internet]. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada; 2021 [cited 2021 Feb 22]. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/cv!recreate.action?pid= 1310081001&selectedNodeIds=2D11,2D12&checkedLevels=0D1,1D1,2D1&refPeriods=20010101, 20201205&dimensionLayouts=layout3,layout3,lay out2,layout2&vectorDisplay=false.
Google Scholar21. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Population estimates, quarterly [Internet]. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/t1/tbl1/en/tv.action?pid=1710000901&cubeTimeFrame.startMonth=07&cubeTimeFrame.startYear=2010& cubeTimeFrame.endMonth=07&cubeTimeFrame.endYear=2020& referencePeriods=20100701%2C20200701.
Google Scholar22. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Statistics Canada: Canada’s national statistical agency [Internet]. 1995 [cited 2021 Jun 29]. Available from: https://www.statcan.gc.ca/eng/start.
Google Scholar23. Unemployment rate Canada 2020 [Internet]. [cited 2021 Feb 26]. Available from: https://www.statista.com/statistics/578362/unemployment-rate-canada/.
Google Scholar24. Radeloff D, Papsdorf R, Uhlig K, Vasilache A, Putnam K, von Klitzing K. Trends in suicide rates during the COVID-19 pandemic restrictions in a major German city. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci. 2021 Jan 19;30:e16.
Google Scholar25. Qin P, Mehlum L. National observation of death by suicide in the first 3 months under COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 2021 Jan;143(1):92–3.
Google Scholar26. Brookman A, Windsor-Shellard B. Quarterly suicide death registrations in England - Office for National Statistics [Internet]. Office for National Statistics; 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 25]. Available from: https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/birthsdeathsandmarriages/deaths/bulletins/quarterlysuicidedeathregistrationsinengland/2001to2019registrationsandquarter1 jantomartoquarter2aprtojune2020provisionaldata.
Google Scholar27. Hao F, Tan W, Jiang L, Zhang L, Zhao X, Zou Y, et al. Do psychiatric patients experience more psychiatric symptoms during COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown? A case-control study with service and research implications for immunopsychiatry. Brain Behav Immun. 2020 Jul;87:100–6.
Google Scholar28. Wang S-C, Su K-P, Pariante CM. The three frontlines against COVID-19: Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. Brain Behav Immun [Internet]. 2021 Feb 4; Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2021.01.030.
Google Scholar29. Mann JJ, Michel CA, Auerbach RP. Improving Suicide Prevention Through Evidence-Based Strategies: A Systematic Review. Am J Psychiatry. 2021 Feb 18;appiajp202020060864.
Google Scholar30. Mann JJ, Rizk MM. A Brain-Centric Model of Suicidal Behavior. Am J Psychiatry. 2020 Oct 1;177(10):902–16.
Google Scholar31. Sapara A, Shalaby R, Osiogo F, Hrabok M, Gusnowski A, Vuong W, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: demographic and clinical correlates of passive death wish and thoughts of self-harm among Canadians. J Ment Health. 2021 Feb 1;1–9.
Google Scholar32. Daly Z, Slemon A, Richardson CG, Salway T, McAuliffe C, Gadermann AM, et al. Associations between periods of COVID-19 quarantine and mental health in Canada. Psychiatry Res. 2021 Jan;295:113631.
Google Scholar33. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Canadians’ mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic [Internet]. 2020 [cited 2021 Feb 23]. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/200527/dq200527b-eng.htm.
Google Scholar34. Sinyor M, Spittal MJ, Niederkrotenthaler T. Changes in Suicide and Resilience-related Google Searches during the Early Stages of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Can J Psychiatry. 2020 Oct;65(10):741–3.
Google Scholar35. Hernández-Calle D, Martínez-Alés G, Mediavilla R, Aguirre P, Rodríguez-Vega B, Bravo-Ortiz MF. Trends in Psychiatric Emergency Department Visits Due to Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Madrid, Spain. J Clin Psychiatry [Internet]. 2020 Sep 1;81(5). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4088/JCP.20l13419.
Google Scholar36. Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. Provisional death counts and excess mortality, January 2020 to April 2021 [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Jul 13]. Available from: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/daily-quotidien/210712/dq210712b-eng.htm.
Google Scholar37. Care in the time of coronavirus [Internet]. 2021 [cited 2021 Feb 23]. Available from: https://www.oxfam.ca/publication/care-in-the-time-of-coronavirus/.
Google Scholar38. Crawford A. Advancing Public Mental Health in Canada through a National Suicide Prevention Service: Setting an Agenda for Canadian Standards of Excellence: Promouvoir la santé mentale publique au Canada par un service de prévention nationale du suicide : Établir un programme de normes canadiennes d’excellence. Can J Psychiatry. 2021 Jan 31;706743721989153.
Google Scholar39. Projected Deaths of Despair During COVID-19. Well Being Trust [Internet] [cited 2021 Feb 23]. Available from: https://wellbeingtrust.org/areas-of-focus/policy-and-advocacy/reports/projected-deaths-of-despair-during-covid-19/.
Google Scholar