From the ∗Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies

†Institute for Global Health Sciences

‡Consortium to Assess Prevention Economics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA

Divisions of §HIV/AIDS Prevention

¶STD Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA

Acknowledgment: The authors would like to extend their special gratitude to Wei Chang for her support in screening and extraction of Chinese-language studies, Devon McCabe for project management support, and authors of included studies who provided additional data not reported in their articles.

This project was funded by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention Epidemiologic and Economic Modeling Agreement (No. 5U38PS004649).

PROSPERO No. CRD42018084299.

Conflict of Interest and Sources of Funding: None declared.

The findings and conclusions in this report are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Author Contributions: All authors contributed to the protocol development and methods, and manuscript writing and helped with data interpretation. E.K.B. and R.M. performed the data abstraction, and M.M. supervised the process. M.M. performed the statistical analysis, and all authors interpreted the data. C.M.L., K.T.B., T.A.S., J.B.D., A.D.R., T.L.G., and A.T. conducted quality control by reviewing 5% sample of citations. All authors have read and approved the final version of the article.

Correspondence: Mohsen Malekinejad, MD, MPH, DrPH, 3333 California St, Suite 285, San Francisco, CA 94118. E-mail: [email protected].

Received for publication July 25, 2020, and accepted February 6, 2021.

Supplemental digital content is available for this article. Direct URL citations appear in the printed text, and links to the digital files are provided in the HTML text of this article on the journal’s Web site (http://www.stdjournal.com).