1.
Gutierrez-Arcelus, M, Rich, SS, Raychaudhuri, S. Autoimmune diseases – connecting risk alleles with molecular traits of the immune system. Nat Rev Genet 2016; 17: 160–174.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline2.
Mahil, SK, Capon, F, Barker, JN. Update on psoriasis immunopathogenesis and targeted immunotherapy. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38: 11–27.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline3.
Hiltensperger, M, Korn, T. The interleukin (IL)-23/T helper (Th)17 axis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and multiple sclerosis. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2018; 8: a029637.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline4.
Havrdova, E, Belova, A, Goloborodko, A, et al. Activity of secukinumab, an anti-IL-17A antibody, on brain lesions in RRMS: results from a randomized, proof-of-concept study. J Neurol 2016; 263: 1287–1295.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline5.
Sandborn, WJ, Feagan, BG, Wolf, DC, et al. Ozanimod induction and maintenance treatment for ulcerative colitis. N Engl J Med 2016; 374: 1754–1762.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI6.
Caminero, A, Comabella, M, Montalban, X. Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), anti-TNF-α and demyelination revisited: an ongoing story. J Neuroimmunol 2011; 234: 1–6.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI7.
Kopp, TI, Delcoigne, B, Arkema, EV, et al. Risk of neuroinflammatory events in arthritis patients treated with tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitors: a collaborative population-based cohort study from Denmark and Sweden. Ann Rheum Dis 2020; 79: 566–572.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline8.
Toussirot, E, Pertuiset, E, Martin, A, et al. Association of rheumatoid arthritis with multiple sclerosis: report of 14 cases and discussion of its significance. J Rheumatol 2006; 33: 1027–1028.
Google Scholar |
Medline9.
Willkens, RF, Urowitz, MB, Stablein, DM, et al. Comparison of azathioprine, methotrexate, and the combination of both in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. A controlled clinical trial. Arthritis Rheum 1992; 35: 849–856.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline10.
Mandler, RN, Ahmed, W, Dencoff, JE. Devic’s neuromyelitis optica: a prospective study of seven patients treated with prednisone and azathioprine. Neurology 1998; 51: 1219–1220.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI11.
Bichuetti, DB, Lobato, de, Oliveira, EM, Oliveira, DM, et al. Neuromyelitis optica treatment: analysis of 36 patients. Arch Neurol 2010; 67: 1131–1136.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline12.
Massacesi, L, Tramacere, I, Amoroso, S, et al. Azathioprine versus beta interferons for relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis: a multicentre randomized non-inferiority trial. PLoS One 2014; 9: e113371.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline13.
Messori, A, Fadda, V, Maratea, D, et al. Indirect meta-analytical comparison of azathioprine and of beta interferon effectiveness in all forms of multiple sclerosis pooled together. J Neurol Sci 2014; 347: 408–410.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline14.
Confavreux, C, Saddier, P, Grimaud, J, et al. Risk of cancer from azathioprine therapy in multiple sclerosis: a case–control study. Neurology 1996; 46: 1607–1612.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI15.
Meier, FM, Frerix, M, Hermann, W, et al. Current immunotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Immunotherapy 2013; 5: 955–974.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline16.
Narula, N, Marshall, JK, Colombel, JF, et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis: infliximab or cyclosporine as rescue therapy in patients with severe ulcerative colitis refractory to steroids. Am J Gastroenterol 2016; 111: 477–491.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI17.
Wu, B, Tong, J, Ran, Z. Tacrolimus therapy in steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis: a review. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26: 24–32.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline18.
Nast, A, Smith, C, Spuls, PI, et al. EuroGuiDerm guideline on the systemic treatment of Psoriasis vulgaris – part 1: treatment and monitoring recommendations. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 34: 2461–2498.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline19.
Zhao, GJ, Li, DK, Wolinsky, JS, et al. Clinical and magnetic resonance imaging changes correlate in a clinical trial monitoring cyclosporine therapy for multiple sclerosis. The MS Study Group. J Neuroimaging 1997; 7: 1–7.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline20.
Currier, RD, Haerer, AF, Meydrech, EF. Low dose oral methotrexate treatment of multiple sclerosis: a pilot study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993; 56: 1217–1218.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline21.
Jacques, F, Gaboury, I, Christie, S, et al. Combination therapy of interferon Beta-1b and tacrolimus: a pilot safety study. Mult Scler Int 2012; 2012: 935921.
Google Scholar |
Medline22.
Suarez-Almazor, ME, Belseck, E, Shea, B, et al. Sulfasalazine for rheumatoid arthritis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2000: CD000958.
Google Scholar23.
Koch, MW, Zabad, R, Giuliani, F, et al. Hydroxychloroquine reduces microglial activity and attenuates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neurol Sci 2015; 358: 131–137.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline24.
Faissner, S, Mahjoub, Y, Mishra, M, et al. Unexpected additive effects of minocycline and hydroxychloroquine in models of multiple sclerosis: prospective combination treatment for progressive disease? Mult Scler 2018; 24: 1543–1556.
Google Scholar |
SAGE Journals |
ISI25.
Brown, D, Moezzi, D, Dong, Y, et al. Combination of hydroxychloroquine and indapamide attenuates neurodegeneration in models relevant to multiple sclerosis. Neurotherapeutics 2021; 18: 387–400.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline26.
Ashtari, F, Savoj, MR. Effects of low dose methotrexate on relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis in comparison to Interferon β-1α: a randomized controlled trial. J Res Med Sci 2011; 16: 457–462.
Google Scholar |
Medline27.
Goodkin, DE, Rudick, RA, VanderBrug Medendorp, S, et al. Low-dose oral methotrexate in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: analyses of serial MRIs. Neurology 1996; 47: 1153–1157.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI28.
Palaniappan, S, Ford, AC, Greer, D, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil therapy for refractory inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13: 1488–1492.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline29.
Marinari, R, Fleischmajer, R, Schragger, AH, et al. Mycophenolic acid in the treatment of psoriasis: long-term administration. Arch Dermatol 1977; 113: 930–932.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline30.
Goldblum, R . Therapy of rheumatoid arthritis with mycophenolate mofetil. Clin Exp Rheumatol 1993; 11 (Suppl. 8): S117–S119.
Google Scholar |
Medline31.
Michel, L, Vukusic, S, De Seze, J, et al. Mycophenolate mofetil in multiple sclerosis: a multicentre retrospective study on 344 patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85: 279–283.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline32.
Fakih, R, Matiello, M, Chitnis, T, et al. Efficacy and safety of mycophenolate mofetil in progressive multiple sclerosis patients. J Neurol 2018; 265: 2688–2694.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline33.
Ko, CW, Singh, S, Feuerstein, JD, et al. AGA clinical practice guidelines on the management of mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. Gastroenterology 2019; 156: 748–764.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline34.
Rains, CP, Noble, S, Faulds, D. Sulfasalazine. A review of its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Drugs 1995; 50: 137–156.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI35.
Kim, S, Lee, YI, Chang, KY, et al. Promotion of remyelination by sulfasalazine in a transgenic Zebrafish model of demyelination. Mol Cells 2015; 38: 1013–1021.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline36.
Prosiegel, M, Neu, I, Vogl, S, et al. Suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis by sulfasalazine. Acta Neurol Scand 1990; 81: 237–238.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline37.
Correale, J, Olsson, T, Bjork, J, et al. Sulfasalazine aggravates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and causes an increase in the number of autoreactive T cells. J Neuroimmunol 1991; 34: 109–120.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline38.
Uitdehaag, BM, Polman, CH, de Groot, CJ, et al. Failure of sulfasalazine to influence experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Acta Neurol Scand 1991; 84: 173–174.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline39.
Noseworthy, JH, O’Brien, P, Erickson, BJ, et al. The Mayo Clinic–Canadian cooperative trial of sulfasalazine in active multiple sclerosis. Neurology 1998; 51: 1342–1352.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline40.
Gold, R, Kappos, L, Becker, T. Development of multiple sclerosis in patient on long-term sulfasalazine. Lancet 1990; 335: 409–410.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline41.
Investigators, CT, Coles, AJ, Compston, DA, et al. Alemtuzumab vs. interferon beta-1a in early multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008; 359: 1786–1801.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline42.
Weinblatt, ME, Maddison, PJ, Bulpitt, KJ, et al. CAMPATH-1H, a humanized monoclonal antibody, in refractory rheumatoid arthritis. An intravenous dose-escalation study. Arthritis Rheum 1995; 38: 1589–1594.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline43.
Cooles, FA, Anderson, AE, Drayton, T, et al. Immune reconstitution 20 years after treatment with alemtuzumab in a rheumatoid arthritis cohort: implications for lymphocyte depleting therapies. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18: 302.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline44.
Aslam, A, Marsland, AM, Rog, D, et al. Alemtuzumab and chronic plaque psoriasis. Br J Dermatol 2013; 169: 184–186.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline45.
Zhu, WM, Li, Y, Yu, C, et al. Antimouse CD52 monoclonal antibody inhibits established spontaneous colitis in IL-10-deficient mice. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17: E72–E73.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline46.
Salles, G, Barrett, M, Foa, R, et al. Rituximab in B-cell hematologic malignancies: a review of 20 years of clinical experience. Adv Ther 2017; 34: 2232–2273.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline47.
Borisow, N, Mori, M, Kuwabara, S, et al. Diagnosis and treatment of NMO spectrum disorder and MOG-encephalomyelitis. Front Neurol 2018; 9: 888.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline48.
Arneth, BM . Impact of B cells to the pathophysiology of multiple sclerosis. J Neuroinflammation 2019; 16: 128.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline49.
Hauser, SL, Waubant, E, Arnold, DL, et al. B-cell depletion with rituximab in relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis. N Engl J Med 2008; 358: 676–688.
Google Scholar |
Crossref |
Medline |
ISI
Comments (0)