Neville BW, Damm DD, Allen CM, Bouquot JE. Oral and maxillofacial pathology. 2 ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 2003. pp 337–45.
2.Leukoplakia at Dorland’s medical dictionary. Underwood general and systemic pathology. Edinburgh. 4 ed. London: Churchill Livingstone; 2004.
3.Odell W. Clinical problem solving in dentistry. 3 ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone; 2010. pp 209–17. ISBN 978-0-443-06784-6.
4.Soames JV, Southam JC. Oral pathology. 3 ed. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press; 1999. pp 139–40, 144–51. ISBN 0-19-262894-1.
5.Lodi G, Sardella A, BEZ C, Demarosi F, Carassi A. Interventions for treating oral leukoplakia. Cochrane Database Sys Rev. 2006.
6.Brouns ER, Baart JA, Bloemena E, Karagozoglu H, van der Waal I. The relevance of uniform reporting in oral leukoplakia: definition, certainty factor and staging based on experience with 275 patients. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal. 2013;18(1):e19-26.
7.Yamada T. Textbook of gastroenterology. 5 ed. Chichester: Blackwell; 2009. pp 781, 850, 2705.
8.Venkataraman BK. Diagnostic oral medicine. New Delhi. 1 ed. New Delhi: Wolters Kluwer (India); 2013. pp 92–3.
9.Van der Waal I. Potentially malignant disorders of the oral and oropharyngeal mucosa; terminology, classification and present concepts of management. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:317–23.
10.Axéll T, Holmstrup P, Kramer IRH, Pindborg JJ, Shear M. International seminar on oral leukoplakia and associated lesions related to tobacco habits. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol. 1984;12:145–54.
11.Reibel J. Prognosis of Oral premalignant lesions: significance of clinicohistopathological, molecular biological characteristics. Crit Rev Oral Biol Med. 2003;14:47–62.
12.Kawanishi S, Hiraku Y, Pinlacer S, et al. Oxidative and nitrative DNA damage in animals and patients with inflammatory diseases in relation to inflammation mediated carcinogenesis. Biol Chem. 2006;387:365–72.
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
13.Poh CF, Zhang L, Lam WL, et al. A high frequency of allelic loss in oral verrucous lesions may explain malignant risk. Lab Invest. 2001;81:629–34.
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
14.Martinez-Lara I, Gonzalez-Moles MA, Ruiz-Avila I, Bravo M, Ramos MC, Fernandez-Martinez JA. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a marker of dysplasia in oral mucosa. Acta Stomatol Belg. 1996;93(1):29–32.
15.Krogh P, Hald B, Holmstrup P. Possible mycological etiology of oral mucosal cancer. Catalytic potential of infecting candida albicans and other yeasts in production of N-Nitrosobenzylmethylamine. Carcinogens. 1987;8:1543–8.
16.Liu W Shen XM, Liu Y, et al. Malignant transformation of oral verrucous leukoplakia a clinicopathologic study of 53 cases. J Oral Pathol Med. 2011;40:312–16.
17.Axell T, Pindborg JJ, Smith CJ, Van der waal I. Oral white lesions with special reference to precancerous and tobacco related lesions: conlusions of an international symposium held in Uppsala, Sweden, may 18–21 1994. International collaborative group on oral white lesions. J Oral Pathol Med. 1996;25:49–54.
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
18.Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M, Lozada F. Oral leukoplakia and malignant transformation. A follow up study of 257 patients. Cancer. 1984;53:563–8.
19.Hansen LS, Olson JA, Silverman SJ. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. A long term study of thirty patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1985;60:285–98.
20.Kramer IR, el- Labban N, Lee KW. The clinical features and risk of malignant transformation in sublingual keratosis. Br Dent J. 1978;144:171–80.
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
21.Duncan KO, Geisse JK, Leffee DJ. Epidermal and appendageal tumors. In: Wolff K, Goldsmith LA, Katz SI, Gilchrest BA, Paller AS, Leffell DJ, eds. Fitzpatrick’s. Dermatology in general medicine. 7 ed. New York: McGraw Hill; 2007. pp. 1024–6.
22.Silverman S Jr, Gorsky M. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a follow up of 54 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 1997;84:154–7.
23.Wang YP, Chen HM, Kuo RC, Yu CH, Sun A, Liu BY, et al. Oral verrucous hyperplasia: histologic classification, prognosis and clinical implications. J Oral Pathol Med. 2009;38:651–60.
24.Bagan JV, Murillo J, Povedo R, Gavalda C, Jimenez Y, Scully C. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: unusual locations of oral squamous cell carcinomas and field cancerization as shown by the appearance of multiple OSCCs. Oral Oncol. 2004;40:440–3.
25.Akerman L. Verrucous carcinoma of oral cavity. Surgery. 1948;23:670–8.
26.Neville BW, Day TA. Oral cancer and precancerous lesions CA. Cancer J Clin. 2002;52:195–215.
27.Batsakis JG, Hypels R, Crissman JD, Rice DH. The pathology of head and neck tumors. Verrucous carcinoma part 15. Head neck surg. 1982;5:29–38.
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
28.Fliss DM, Noble- Topam SE, McLachin CM, Freeman JL, Novek AM, Van Nostrand AW, et al. Laryngeal verrucous carcinoma: a clinicopathologic study and detection of human papillomavirus using polymerase chain reaction. Laryngoscope. 1994;104:146–52.
29.Palefsky JM, Silverman S Jr, Abdel- salaam M, Daniels TE, Greenspan JS. Association between proliferative verrucous leukoplakia with human papillomavirus type 16. J Oral Pathol Med. 1995;24:193–7.
30.Batsakis JG, Suarez P, el-Nagger AK. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia and its related lesions. Oral Oncol. 1999;35:354–9.
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
31.Mete O, Keskin Y, Hafiz G, Kayhan KB, Umer M. Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: underdiagnosed oral precursor lesion that requires retrospective clinicopathological correlation. Dermatol Online J. 2010;16:6.
32.Bagan JV, Jimenez Y, Sanchis JM, Poveda R, Milian MA, Murillo J, Scully C. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: high incidence of gingival squamous cell carcinoma. J Oral Pathol Med. 2003;32(7):379–82.
33.Amagasa T, Yamashiro M, Ishikawa H. Oral leukoplakia related to malignant transformation. J Oral Scilnt. 2006;3(2):45–55.
34.Epidemiology BJE. In: Gnepp DG, eds. Pathology of the head and neck. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1987. pp. 263–314.
35.Cerero-Lapeidra R, Balade Martinez D, Moreuo-Lopez LA, Esparza- Gomez G, Bagan JV. Proliferative verrucousleukoplakia: a proposal for diagnostic criteria. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal. 2010;15:e839–e45.
36.Ghazani N, Bakri MM, Zain RB. Aggressive, multifocal oral verrucous leukoplakia: proliferative verrucous leukoplakia or not? J Oral Pathol Med. 2003;32:383–92.
37.Gondolfo S, Castellani R, Pontenero M. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: a potentially malignant disorder involving periodontal sites. J Periodontal. 2009;80:274–81.
38.Issrani R, Prabhu N, Keluskar V. Oral Proliferative Verrucous Leukoplakia: a case report with an update. Contemp Clin Dent. 2013;4:258–62.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
39.Gouvea AF, Vargas PA, Coletta RD, Jorge J, Lopez MA. Clinicopathological features and immunohistochemical expression of p53, Ki 67, Mcm 2, and Mcm 5 in proliferative verrucous leukoplakia. J Oral Pathol Med. 2010;39(6):447–52.
40.Scholech ML, sekandari N, Regezi JA, Silverman S Jr. laser management of oral leukoplakias: a follow up study of 70 patients. Laryngoscope. 1999;109(6):949–53.
41.Femiano F, Gombos F, Scully C. Oral proliferative verrucous leukoplakia; open trial for surgery compared with combined therapy using surgery and methisoprinol in papillomavirus related PVL. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2001;30(4):318–22.
CAS Article PubMed Google Scholar
42.Vigilance CE, Quinn PD, Alawi F. Proliferative verrucous leukoplakia: report of a case with characteristic long term progression. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2003;61:626–31.
43.Walvekar RR, Chaukar DA, Deshpande MS, Pai PS, Chaturvedi P, Kakade A, et al. Verrucous carcinoma of the oral cavity: a clinical and pathological study of 101 cases. Oral Oncol. 2009;45:47–51.
Comments (0)