Moore G.R. Neumann P.E. Suzuki K. Lijtmaer H.N. Traugott U. Raine C.S.

Balo's concentric sclerosis: new observations on lesion development.

Ann. Neurol. 17: 604-611

Encephalitis periaxialis concentrica.

Arch. NeurPsych. 19: 242-264

Baló's concentric sclerosis.

Lancet Neurol. 13: 740-746Garbern J. Spence A.M. Alvord Jr., E.C.

Balo's concentric demyelination diagnosed premortem.

Neurology. 36: 1610-1614Gharagozloo A.M. Poe L.B. Collins G.H.

Antemortem diagnosis of Baló concentric sclerosis: correlative MR imaging and pathologic features.

Radiology. 191: 817-819Wang Chaodong Zhang K.-N. Wu X.-M. et al.

Balo's disease showing benign clinical course and co-existence with multiple sclerosis-like lesions in Chinese.

Mult. Scler. 14: 418-424Wallner-Blazek M. Rovira A. Fillipp M. et al.

Atypical idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating lesions: prognostic implications and relation to multiple sclerosis.

J. Neurol. 260: 2016-2022Jolliffe E.A. Guo Y. Hardy T.A. et al.

Clinical and radiological features, pathology, and treatment of Baló concentric sclerosis.

Neurology. ()https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000012230Seewann A. Enzinger C. Filippi M. et al.

MRI characteristics of atypical idiopathic inflammatory demyelinating lesions of the brain: a review of reported findings.

J. Neurol. 255: 1-10

Concentric sclerosis (Baló's disease).

in: Lisak R.P. Truong D.D. Carroll W.M. Bhidayasiri R. International Neurology: A Clinical Approach. Blackwell Publishing, Sussex: 389-390

Marburg type and Baló's concentric sclerosis: rare and acute variants of multiple sclerosis.

Neurol. Sci. 25: S361-S363

The pathological spectrum of CNS inflammatory demyelinating diseases.

Semin. Immunopathol. 31: 439-453

Astrocytopathy in Balo's disease.

Mult. Scler. 17: 771-779Amini Harandi A. Esfandani A. Pakdaman H. Abbasi M. Sahraian M.A.

Balo's concentric sclerosis: an update and comprehensive literature review.

Rev. Neurosci. 29: 873-882Hardy T.A. Tobin W.O. Lucchinetti C.F.

Exploring the overlap between multiple sclerosis, tumefactive demyelination and Baló's concentric sclerosis.

Mult. Scler. 22: 986-992Jarius S. Würthwein C. Behrens J.R. et al.

Baló's concentric sclerosis is immunologically distinct from multiple sclerosis: results from retrospective analysis of almost 150 lumbar punctures.

J. Neuroinflammation. 15: 22Weinshenker B.G. Miller D.

Multiple sclerosis: one disease or many?.

in: Thompson A.B. Siva A. Kesselring J. Frontiers in Multiple Sclerosis. Taylor & Francis Group, London: 37-46Karaarslan E. Altintas A. Senol U. et al.

Baló's concentric sclerosis: clinical and radiologic features of five cases.

AJNR Am. J. Neuroradiol. 22: 1362-1367Balloy G. Pelletier J. Suchet L. et al.

Inaugural tumor-like multiple sclerosis: clinical presentation and medium-term outcome in 87 patients.

J. Neurol. 265: 2251-2259Mowry E.M. Woo J.H. Ances B.M.

Baló's concentric sclerosis presenting as a stroke-like syndrome.

Nat. Clin. Pract. Neurol. 3: 349-354Shankar S.K. Rao T.V. Srivastav V.K. Narula S. Asha T. Das S.

Balo's concentric sclerosis: a variant of multiple sclerosis associated with oligodendroglioma.

Neurosurgery. 25: 982-986Nader Kawachi J.A. Andrade Magdaleno M. de la Peñaherrera C.A. Fernández De Lara Y. Lavenant Borja M.I.

Early diagnosis of Balo's concentric sclerosis by diffusion tensor tractography: a case report and literature review.

Medwave. 16e6402

Concentric sclerosis.

in: Vinken P. Bruyn G.W. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. North Holland Publishing Company, Amsterdam: 437-451

Balo's concentric sclerosis.

Lancet. 376: 189Pelzers E. Van Goethem J.W. van den Hauwe L. Degryse H.R. Geens K. Parizel P.M.

Baló's concentric sclerosis.

JBR-BTR. 91: 108-109Popescu B.F.G. Lucchinetti C.F.

Pathology of demyelinating diseases.

Annu. Rev. Pathol. 7: 185-217Hardy T.A. Beadnall H.N. Sutton I.J. et al.

Baló's concentric sclerosis and tumefactive demyelination: a shared immunopathogenesis?.

J. Neurol. Sci. 348: 279-281Kreft K.L. Mellema S.J. Hintzen R.Q.

Spinal cord involvement in Balo's concentric sclerosis.

J. Neurol. Sci. 279: 114-117Takai Y. Misu T. Nishiyama S. et al.

Hypoxia-like tissue injury and glial response contribute to Balo concentric lesion development.

Neurology. 87: 2000-2005Yao D.L. Webster H.D. Hudson L.D. et al.

Concentric sclerosis (Baló): morphometric and in situ hybridization study of lesions in six patients.

Ann. Neurol. 35: 18-30Charil A. Yousry T.A. Rovaris M. et al.

MRI and the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: expanding the concept of “no better explanation”.

Lancet Neurol. 5: 841-852Berghoff M. Schlamann M.U. Maderwald S. et al.

7 tesla MRI demonstrates vascular pathology in Balo's concentric sclerosis.

Mult. Scler. 19: 120-122Wiendl H. Weissert R. Herrlinger U. Krapf H. Küker W.

Diffusion abnormality in Balo's concentric sclerosis: clues for the pathogenesis.

Eur. Neurol. 53: 42-44Kavanagh E.C. Heran M.K.S. Fenton D.M. Lapointe J.S. Nugent R.A. Graeb D.A.

Diffusion-weighted imaging findings in Balo concentric sclerosis.

Br. J. Radiol. 79: e28-e31Spaander F.H.M. Vink T. Natté R. de Bruijn S.F.T.M.

Onion-shaped white matter disease?.

Clin. Neurol. Neurosurg. 126: 123-125Itoyama Y. Tateishi J. Kuroiwa Y.

Atypical multiple sclerosis with concentric or lamellar demyelinated lesions: two Japanese patients studied post mortem.

Ann. Neurol. 17: 481-487Bolcaen J. Acou M. Mertens K. et al.

Structural and metabolic features of two different variants of multiple sclerosis: a PET/MRI study.

J. Neuroimaging. 23: 431-436Schiepers C. Van Hecke P. Vandenberghe R. et al.

Positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and proton NMR spectroscopy of white matter in multiple sclerosis.

Mult. Scler. 3: 8-17Völk S. Unterrainer M. Albert N.L. et al.

TSPO PET with 18F-GE-180 to differentiate variants of multiple sclerosis: relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, tumefactive demyelination, and Baló's concentric sclerosis.

Clin. Nucl. Med. 45: e447-e448Darke M. Bahador F.M. Miller D.C. Litofsky N.S. Ahsan H.

Baló's concentric sclerosis: imaging findings and pathological correlation.

J. Radiol. Case Rep. 7: 1-8Kim M.O. Lee S.A. Choi C.G. Huh J.R. Lee M.C.

Balo's concentric sclerosis: a clinical case study of brain MRI, biopsy, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic findings.

J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 62: 655-658Khiat A. Lesage J. Boulanger Y.

Quantitative MRS study of Baló's concentric sclerosis lesions.

Magn. Reson. Imaging. 25: 1112-1115Otsu S. Ishibashi S. Ozaki K. Yokota T.

Elevated lipid peaks during the recovery phase of Baló's concentric sclerosis: a case report.

eNeurologicalSci. 15: 100191Agarwal M. Ulmer J.L. Klein A.P. Mark L.P.

Why is this auntminnie a diagnostic conundrum? A knowledge-based approach to Balo's concentric sclerosis from reports of 3 cases and pooled data from 68 other patients in the literature.

Curr. Probl. Diagn. Radiol. 48: 415-422Purohit B. Ganewatte E. Schreiner B. Kollias S.

Balo's concentric sclerosis with acute presentation and co-existing multiple sclerosis-typical lesions on MRI.

Case Rep. Neurol. 7: 44-50

Tumefactive demyelination: an approach to diagnosis and management.

J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 84: 1047-1053

The etiology of ring lesions on diffusion-weighted imaging.

Neuroradiol. J. 27: 280-287Baunbæk Egelund G. Ertner G. Langholz Kristensen K. Vestergaard Jensen A. Benfield T.L. Brandt C.T.

Cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in infectious and noninfectious central nervous system disease: a retrospective cohort study.

Medicine. 96e6686

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and the various related demyelinating syndromes: a critical review.

J Autoimmun. : 134-142

Pseudotumoral demyelinating lesions: diagnostic approach and long-term outcome.

Curr. Opin. Neurol. 32: 467-474Lapucci C. Baroncini D. Cellerino M. et al.

Different MRI patterns in MS worsening after stopping fingolimod.

Neurol. Neuroimmunol. Neuroinflamm. 6e566Solomon J.M. Paul F. Chien C. Oh J. Rotstein D.L.

A window into the future? MRI for evaluation of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder throughout the disease course.

Ther. Adv. Neurol. Disord. 14 Rejdak K. Jackson S. Giovannoni G.

Multiple sclerosis: a practical overview for clinicians.

Br. Med. Bull. 95: 79-104Stadelmann C. Ludwin S. Tabira T. et al.

Tissue preconditioning may explain concentric lesions in Baló's type of multiple sclerosis.

Brain. 128: 979-987Yeo C.J.J. Hutton G.J. Fung S.H.

Advanced neuroimaging in Balo's concentric sclerosis: MRI, MRS, DTI, and ASL perfusion imaging over 1 year.

Radiol. Case Rep. 13: 1030-1035Ferreira D. Castro S. Nadais G. Dias Costa J.M. Fonseca J.M.

Demyelinating lesions with features of Balo's concentric sclerosis in a patient with active hepatitis C and human herpesvirus 6 infection.

Eur. J. Neurol. 18: e6-e7Pohl D. Rostasy K. Krone B. Hanefeld F.

Baló's concentric sclerosis associated with primary human herpesvirus 6 infection.

J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 76: 1723-1725Lucchinetti C. Brück W. Parisi J. Scheithauer B. Rodriguez M. Lassmann H.

Heterogeneity of multiple sclerosis lesions: implications for the pathogenesis of demyelination.

Ann. Neurol. 47: 707-717Masaki K. Suzuki S.O. Matsushita T. et al.

Extensive loss of connexins in Baló's disease: evidence for an auto-antibody-independent astrocytopathy via impaired astrocyte-oligodendrocyte/myelin interaction.

Acta Neuropathol. 123: 887-900

CADASIL mutation and Balo concentric sclerosis: a link between demyelination and ischemia?.

Neurology. 78: 221-223Mahad D. Ziabreva I. Lassmann H. Turnbull D.

Mitochondrial defects in acute multiple sclerosis lesions.

Brain. 131: 1722-1735Zeng C. Xiong J. Li Y. et al.

Enhanced T 2 FNx weighted angiography imaging and 3-D time-resolved imaging of contrast kinetics findings in Balo's concentric sclerosis.

Neurol. India. 62: 304-306Hayashida S. Masaki K. Suzuki S.O. et al.

Distinct microglial and macrophage distribution patterns in the concentric and lamellar lesions in Baló's disease and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders.

Brain Pathol. 30: 1144-1157

The origins of concentric demyelination: self-organization in the human brain.

PLoS One. 2e150Stork L. Ellenberger D. Ruprecht K. et al.

Antibody signatures in patients with histopathologically defined multiple sclerosis patterns.

Acta Neuropathol. 139: 547-564

Early disruption of glial communication via connexin gap junction in multiple sclerosis, Baló's disease and neuromyelitis optica.

Neuropathology. 35: 469-480Chen C.J. Chu N.S. Lu C.S. Sung C.Y.

Serial magnetic resonance imaging in patients with Balò's concentric sclerosis: natural history of lesion development.

Ann. Neurol. 46: 651-656Kastrup O. Stude P. Limmroth V.

Balo's concentric sclerosis: evolution of active demyelination demonstrated by serial contrast-enhanced MRI.

J. Neurol. 249: 811-814Sekijima Y. Tokuda T. Hashimoto T. Koh C.S. Shoji S. Yanagisawa N.

Serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of a patient with Balo's concentric sclerosis treated with immunoadsorption plasmapheresis.

Mult. Scler. 2: 291-294Chen F. Liu T. Li J. et al.

Eccentric development of Balo's concentric sclerosis: detected by magnetic resonance diffusion-weighted imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Int. J. Neurosci. 125: 433-440Iannucci G. Mascalchi M. Salvi F. Filippi M.

Vanishing Balò-like lesions in multiple sclerosis.

J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry. 69: 399-400Arenas Vargas L.E. Bedoya Morales A.M. Rincón Carreño C. Espitia Segura O.M. Penagos N.

Balo's concentric sclerosis: an atypical demyelinating disease in pediatrics.

Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 44: 102198Hardy T.A. Corboy J.R. Weinshenker B.G.

Baló concentric sclerosis evolving from apparent tumefactive demyelination.

Neurology. 88: 2150-2152Tzanetakos D. Vakrakou A.G. Tzartos J.S. et al.

Heterogeneity of Baló's concentric sclerosis: a study of eight cases with different therapeutic concepts.

BMC Neurol. 20: 400Sagduyu Kocaman A. Yalinay Dikmen P. Karaarslan E.

Cocaine-induced multifocal leukoencephalopathy mimicking Balo's concentric sclerosis: a 2-year follow-up with serial imaging of a single patient.

Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 19: 96-98

Pediatric Baló concentric sclerosis response to dimethyl fumarate.

Pediatr. Neurol. 97: 71-73

Balo concentric sclerosis in a 23-year-old man.

CMAJ. 190E937Weinshenker B.G. O'Brien P.C. Petterson T.M. et al.

A randomized trial of plasma exchange in acute central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating disease.

Ann. Neurol. 46: 878-886Stork L. Ellenberger D. Beißbarth T. et al.

Differences in the responses to apheresis therapy of patients with 3 histopathologically classified immunopathological patterns of multiple sclerosis.

JAMA Neurol. 75: 428-435

Treatment of Balo's concentric sclerosis with immunosuppressive drugs followed by multimodality evoked potentials and MRI.

Muscle Nerve. 18: 1478-1480Pohl D. Waubant E. Banwell B. et al.

Treatment of pediatric multiple sclerosis and variants.

Neurology. 68: S54-S65Park-Wyllie L. Mazzotta P. Pastuszak A. et al.

Birth defects after maternal exposure to corticosteroids: prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of epidemiological studies.

Teratology. 62: 385-392Pique J. Bonneville F. Brassat D. Peaureaux D. Benaiteau M. Dumas H. Fabre N. Clanet M. Biotti D.

Peripheral late reactivation of a previously typical monofocal Balo's concentric sclerosis lesion.

Mult. Scler. 21: 1080-1083Visser F. Wattjes M.P. Pouwels P.J.W. Linssen W.H.J.P. van Oosten B.W.

Tumefactive multiple sclerosis lesions under fingolimod treatment.

Neurology. 79: 2000-2003Pilz G. Harrer A. Wipfler P. et al.

Tumefactive MS lesions under fingolimod: a case report and literature review.

Neurology. 81: 1654-1658Giordana M.T. Cavalla P. Uccelli A. et al.

Overexpression of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors on reactive astrocytes drives neuropathology of multiple sclerosis rebound after fingolimod discontinuation.

Mult. Scler. 24: 1133-1137Sánchez P. Meca-Lallana V. Vivancos J.

Tumefactive multiple sclerosis lesions associated with fingolimod treatment: report of 5 cases.

Mult Scler. Relat. Disord. 25: 95-98Brown J.W.L. Coles A.J. Jones J.L.

First use of alemtuzumab in Balo's concentric sclerosis: a case report.

Mult. Scler. 19: 1673-1675Aracil-Bolaños I. Prats-Sánchez L. Gómez-Ansón B. Querol-Gutiérrez L. Núñez-Marín F. Martí-Fàbregas J.

Balo concentric sclerosis: a presentation mimicking ischaemic stroke.

Neurología (English Edition). 32: 60-61Behrens J.R. Wanner J. Kuchling J. et al.

7 tesla MRI of Balo's concentric sclerosis versus multiple sclerosis lesions.

Ann. Clin. Transl. Neurol. 5: 900-912Ayrignac X. Letourneau-Guillon L. Carra-Dallière C. et al.

From Baló's concentric sclerosis to multiple sclerosis: a series of 6 patients.

Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 42: 102078Pessini L.M. Kremer S. Auger C. et al.

Tumefactive inflammatory leukoencephalopathy in cocaine users: report of three cases.

Mult. Scler. Relat. Disord. 38: 101496Parada-Garza J.D. Miranda-Garcia L.A. Lopez-Valencia G. Figueroa-Sanchez M. Ruiz-Sandoval J.L.

Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis with Baló-like Lesion by scorpion sting: case report.

Neurol. India. 68: 913-915Kchaou M. Nagi S. Echebbi S. et al.

MRI study of Baló's concentric sclerosis before and after corticosteroid therapy.

Rev. Neurol. 175: 327-329Bhoi S.K. Naik S. Kalita J. Misra U.K.

Multifocal Balo's concentric sclerosis in children: report of a case and review of literature.

J. Neurosci. Rural Pract. 8: S136-S138Ashrafi M.R. Tavasoli A.R. Alizadeh H. Zare Noghabi J. Parvaneh N.

Tumefactive multiple sclerosis variants: report of two cases of Schilder and Balo diseases.

Iran J. Child. Neurol. 11: 69-77Dziadkowiak E. Zagrajek M. Zimny A. Paradowski B.

Reversible symptoms present in a patient with Balo's concentric sclerosis.

Neurol. India. 66: 268Grasso D. Borreggine C. Castorani G. et al.

Balò's concentric sclerosis in a case of cocaine-levamisole abuse.

SAGE Open Med. Case Rep. 8 Ayrignac X. Rigau V. Lhermitte B. et al.

Pathologic and MRI analysis in acute atypical inflammatory demyelinating lesions.

J. Neurol. 266: 1743-1755Moore G.R. Berry K. Oger J.J. Prout A.J. Graeb D.A. Nugent R.A.

Baló's concentric sclerosis: surviving normal myelin in a patient with a relapsing-remitting dinical course.

Mult. Scler. 7: 375-382Masuda H. Mori M. Katayama K. Kikkawa Y. Kuwabara S.

Anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-seronegative NMO spectrum disorder with Baló's concentric lesions.

Intern. Med. 52: 1517-1521Ertuğrul Ö. Çiçekçi E. Tuncer M.C. Aluçlu M.U.

Balo's concentric sclerosis in a patient with spontaneous remission based on magnetic resonance imaging: a case report and review of literature.

World J. Clin. Cases. 6: 447-454Morrissey M. Ciorciari A.J. Cunningham S.J.

A 17-year-old girl with acute onset of hemiparesis.

Pediatr. Emerg. Care. 32: 388-389Long L. Song Y. Xu L. Xiao B.

Levamisole-induced leukoencephalopathy mimicking Baló disease.

Neurology. 84: 328Wattamwar P.R. Baheti N.N. Kesavadas C. Nair M. Radhakrishnan A.

Evolution and long term outcome in patients presenting with large demyelinating lesions as their first clinical event.

J. Neurol. Sci. 297: 29-35Reiber H. Ungefehr S. Jacobi C.

The intrathecal, polyspecific and oligoclonal immune response in multiple sclerosis.

Mult. Scler. 4: 111-117

Principles of albumin and IgG analyses in neurological disorders. III. Evaluation of IgG synthesis within the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis.

Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 37: 397-401Reiber H. Teut M. Pohl D. Rostasy K.M. Hanefeld F.

Paediatric and adult multiple sclerosis: age-related differences and time course of the neuroimmunological response in cerebrospinal fluid.

Mult. Scler. 15: 1466-1480